Assessment for Learning Essay

What is assessment for learning and how does it relate to a teaching assistant? In this essay I am going to compare and contrast the roles of the teacher and the learning support practitioner in assessment of learner’s achievement. I will also explain the difference between formative and summative assessment. I will say what the characteristics of assessment for learning are and explain the importance and benefits of assessment for learning and I will explain how assessment for learning can contribute to planning for future learning when carried out by the teacher and the learners and the teaching assistant. The differences between a teacher and the learning support practitioner are, the teacher is the lead role model in the classroom. The learner’s will take their lead from the teacher. He or she will set the lessons and the goals for learning. He or she is deemed as the role model. The lessons are planned by the teacher and planned in such a way that will help the lea rner’s progress and meet their targets. Once the target shave been met the lessons will move onwards. The teacher will set class assessments to find out where the learners are in terms of meeting their targets, and will continually assess the learner’s abilities be it through classwork, homework or end of term assessments. The learning support practitioner will support the teacher in the classroom. They should take their lead from the teacher. If the teacher wants the learning support practitioner to assess the children they may be asked to take small groups or individual children, and follow an assessment plan set for them. The learning support practitioner should also assist in the classroom and then feedback to the teacher on what he or she feels the learners did well or what they need help with. This will then help the teacher to plan the next lesson and set next steps for the learners. The difference between formative and summative assessments are:- Formative assessment is assessing as the learners learn, for example using open ended questioning to encourage the learners to give their ideas. Observing learners this gives a lot of knowledge as to how the learners work and it is usually done daily. Listening to learners this shows that the learners understand the work, and we can hear their ideas and methods, we can check their understanding by questioning them this shows what the children know and finally self-evaluation let the learners think about what they have learnt and encourage them to evaluate their own progress against their targets and  learning outcomes. Summative assessment is the formal assessments used by teachers to show where the learners are exactly and what has been learnt, for example end of term SAT’s or assessments. The results of these may be put onto the learners report and shared so that their new teachers, head teacher and parents will see how the learners have progressed. The characteristics of assessment for learning are, it informs and promotes all learners achievements. The students are encouraged to take responsibility for their learning. This starts with giving the learners learning outcomes, making sure the learners receive feedback thi s in turn helps them to develop the skills needed to evaluate and self-assess their work. They will be able to recognise their own progress and achievements. This will start with students doing peer assessments, this is where learners will assess in order to gain the skills to assess themselves. The importance and benefits of assessments for learning are that there is a proven link that a learner who is more involved in their own assessment is more motivated to reach their targets. The learners want to reach the goals set and put in the more effort to do so. This is turn boosts self-esteem and motivation in learners. It also gives feedback to the right people, the teacher, the teaching assistant or the learning mentors, on how to best support the learners whether they be more or less able. Assessment for learning enables the learners to understand what they are doing, what they need to do, and how to go about doing it. How assessment for learning can contribute to planning for future learning carried out by:- The teacher, it will help the teacher to be able to plan for th e individual learner. It will help the teacher to pass on responsibility to the learner for their own learning and make sure that the learner is involved with their own learning goals. The learner will be more informed about their own targets and goals. It will help them to reach their full potential by getting them extra support where it might be needed. Learners will be able to self-assess their work which is a life skill, as adults we constantly assess ourselves on the things we do, as the learners gain more awareness it will boost confidence and help them ask for help. The teaching assistant will be better informed this will help to assist the teacher and learners alike. It will help to develop questioning skills and find out where a learner needs support. It may help to plan for less able students so that certain topics can be done again with added support, which  can then be fed back to the teacher. In conclusion assessment for learning is the ongoing assessing of learners, using a variety of meth ods. It helps the teaching assistant in many ways like how best to support learners. It gives teaching assistants the knowledge and capability to do their jobs to a high standard and support the class teacher with more or less abled learners. Burnham and Baker. (2010).Support teaching and learning in schools (primary). (pp104-106).Malaysia. Heinmann The department for children, schools and families. (2008).The assessment for learning strategy. Department for education and skills. (2004/05).Working together: teaching assistants and assessment for learning. Black and William. (1998).Inside the black box. Kings College. London.

Are genetically modified foods safe to eat? Essay

Nowadays, genetically modified crops are planted worldwide. According to Human Genome Project, over 10 million farmers in 22 countries are planting genetically modified crops on the fields. The total acreage has reached a quarter billion (2011). Apparently, genetically modified foods have prominent benefits so that more and more people are planting them and eating them. Genetically modified plants are able to resist pests and certain kinds of diseases as well as tolerant cold and drought because scientists move specific foreign genes into the plants. Therefore, world crop productivity increaseds by 25 percent by planting genetically modified crops. Specifically, Iin United States, after the crops were genetically modified, six kinds of crops were able to produce 4 billion pounds more compared to the past than before without having to increaseing any acreage for planting (Deal & Baird, 2003). As the problem of food insufficiency is getting increasingly more and more serious, the appearance of genetically modified foods may successfully alleviate this crisis. Besides, scientists are able to add more some nutrition in genetically modified foods. According to Lerner, genetically modified foods contain more and more nutrition. For example, Sseveral healthy fatty acids are added in canola oil. DHA omega-3, which is beneficial to cardiovascular health, is in genetically modified foods as well (2009). This article will prove that genetically modified foods are safe enough to eat in three different kinds of approaches: logic approach, science evidences approach, and reality evidences approach. First, logically speaking, genetic modification technique is an improvement in the real world, and any applications of new techniques needs a process from immaturitye to maturitye. For example, the development of the airplane went through a lot of difficulty. An aviator Thomas E. Selfridge died because of the airplane crash accident in 1908. Things also happened to spaceships. On January 28, 1986, the Challenger exploded and killed all of the seven astronauts in it. After these tragedies happened, no one said we should stop developing airplanes or spaceships. Genetic modification technique is as mature as airplane technique that has gone through one hundred years of modification ago and more mature than the thirty years old or spaceship developmenttechnique thirty years ago. Theis genetic modification technique is even safer because no devastating event has happened yet. Now that we accept astronauts getting into spaceships which are not one hundred percent safe, we can accept genetically modified foods which seem to be safe for now. In addition, the plants that exist in nature are not all good. Our ancestors tried and selected things that are edible to human can eat as foods, and planted the crops which produced foods. Farmers use cross breeding technology in order to get more productive crops. That is how seedless watermelons are created. According to the high school biology textbook, first, give a normal watermelon seedling colchicine, which is a chemical. The normal watermelon plant will become a tetraploid watermelon plant, which doubles its chromosome and has four sets of chromosomes. Then cross breed the tetraploid and a normal one. Their offspring is a triploid, which has three sets of chromosomes and the watermelon results in being seedlessdoes not have seeds. Genetic modification is just a more advanced technology to create productive crops that also provide convenience. It means iIf people accept seedless watermelon, people can accept genetically modified foods. The second approach is scientific evidence approach. Ggenetically modified foods are the foods that have added by a foreign genes or genes on purpose. Scientists add those foreign genes into the original plants to make them have some good traits including disease resistance, pest resistance, cold tolerance and drought tolerance. However, these changes do not make any difference in their essence as foods. According to University of Guelph website, the concept of, substantial equivalence, means one kind of food can be seen as the other kind of food. After several tests, genetically modified foods are said to be substantial equivalent, meaning that genetically modified foods is the same as other regular foods when used as human foods (2013). Before a genetically modified food can get access to supermarkets, it must pass a whole bunch of tests. These tests involve protein level tests, which test whether the genes of the genetically modified plants can express any harmful protein, and individual level tests, which test whether animals perform normally after eating this genetically modified food. Also, scientists analyze DNA to detect whether the new added DNA sequence will cause any unintended effect (Kuiper, et al. 2001). Only if the genetically modified food has none of these problems, customers can find it in supermarkets. Maybe it sounds simple, but in fact, it is very complicated in practice. Take vivo testing as an example. Right before a genetically modified food comes into supermarkets, it has to pass vivo testing. First, they use mice to do animal tests for ninety days. If the tests show this genetically modified food can use as human food. Then they do the next several stages of tests. They use more and more human volunteers to do the tests for longer and longer time. If any experiments fail, this food will never be human food (Fagan). Even if it passes all the tests, for some cases, it takes as long as ten years for it to be able to come into supermarkets. Last but not least, in reality, no evidence supports the point of view that genetically modified foods are harmful for human beings. People on the opposite side use failures of some laboratory experiments as arguments. However, those failed experiments are proved to be under questioning conditions. People who conduct the experiments forced the rats to eat only one kind of genetically modified food for several days (Deal & Baird, 2003). Under this condition, those rats turning out unhealthy or died cannot prove anything. Some genetically modified foods do cause allergy reaction, though. Transgenic soybeans, which contain the genes from an allergenic food, Brazil nut, cause allergy reactions. This event arouses heated discussion in public. However, the discussion is about whether producers should label genetically modified foods, but not whether genetically modified foods are safe or not. Still, America and Europe have forbidden using the gene from Brazil nut as a foreign gene in genetically modified foods. More over, United Nation agencies are keeping their eyes on these typetypes of events. Once they realize risks of allergies exist, they document the risks and notify the public to be careful (Food allergy 2001). This case shows that if any problem occurs, it is fixable. Therefore, the genetically modified foods that people can buy in the supermarkets are safe to eat. To sum up, genetically modified foods are safe to eat in all of the logical sense, scientific sense, and reality sense. Genetically modified foods are the results of advanced biology technology. Scientific evidences prove that the modified foods are safe to eat make sure of their safety.

Apollo 13

Apollo 13 Apollo 13 Apollo 13 is a film of year 1995 based on the ill fated Apollo13 lunar mission. The film is based on the book the lost moon by Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger. The film was directed by Ron Howard. The film was a huge success as it was different from the common films released in those days and it was based on a true event during the space race. Story On July 20, 1969, astronaut Jim Lovell is at his home celebrating the Apollo 11 moon landing party. He tells his wife Marilyn that he wish if he could ever land on the moon after watching Neil Armstrong’s historic first step steps on the moon. Lovell was expecting that he will fly Apollo 14 but after some time he is given a VIP tour of Apollo 13’s massive Saturn v rocket is ready to be launched. Then Lovell is informed that he and his crew has been selected as prime crew of Apollo 13. after hearing the news, Lovell tells his family about his launch. Her wife was little tensed because it was not a journey on earth it was towards moon. Before launch Lovell is informed that Ken Mattingly is not coming on the mission with him, Lovell tries best to get him on the flight but he is unsuccessful in doing so. Ken is replaced by pilot Jack Swigert. Next day they are ready for the launch and finally they move on. After the launch the middle engine of Saturn v cuts off prematurely because of over heat but they enter into orbit without problem, after performing the burn which will send Apollo 13 to the moon, Swigert changes the Apollo command module odyssey to dock with the lunar module Aquarius. After three days of the mission, Swigert is asked to stir the cryogenic oxygen tanks, leading to explosion in service module. The crew got to know that there is problem with oxygen tank and they think to cancel their landing on the moon and shut down the odyssey and on up the Aquarius for saving their life. John Aaron on earth who is a flight controller specifically trained to deal with the electrical and commu nication system recruits the crew to restart odyssey but they shut down the odyssey and powers up Aquarius and are near moon, they see the moon near to them and Lovell gets depressed by this. As the crew has powered up the Aquarius, there is a problem again, to conserve power they have to shut down the Aquarius and stay in freezing cold. The environment gets scary in the crew and Swigert blame mission control centre for not letting them to find out the technical problem in the craft, but Haise blames the Swigert and calls him inexperienced. Argument arises between both but it is soon cleared by Lovell. Aquarius is meant for two people only but it has to mange the carbon dioxide thrown by three men. An engineering team assembles at radio station Houston and makes a crude method of removing poisonous gas and air cleaners to be used in

Pursuasive letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pursuasive letter - Essay Example Undoubtedly, my teachers do a great deal of job in providing us, the students, appropriate grades that we deserve based on a given criteria. Everyone is aware that the list of criteria includes, but is not limited to, class attendance and test results. I do not deny the fact that my responsibilities at work have kept me from attending class a few times. Not only have I been able to miss the lectures, but I sometimes miss quizzes as well. On the other hand, not being physically present in class means I am intellectually incapable of doing what other students in class are capable of performing and understanding. Moreover, I also take extra credits in class in order to make up for those times I have missed class. Although I have been passionate about learning and understanding the things that are being taught in class, my test results do not show so. However, these test results are just fragments of what I have learned about the subject. Real knowledge is represented best by an individual’s ability to put the theories and its understanding into application in real life. In class, I have never been to any heated argument with my teachers or classmates. To my knowledge, I work diligently as I try to make sure to perform all the duties I am expected to do at work. In my opinion, a student who puts into practice what he has learned in class deserves to be given an A better than a student who comes in class every day, takes a test, gets a good grade, yet do nothing but picks on his classmates and looks down on just anybody. Furthermore, I think getting an A would just be enough of a motivation to shoot up my scholastic

Social work Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social work - Personal Statement Example My discussion topics slowly by slowly changed and all my talk began to be around the issues that the society encounters. The quest to serve brought a lot of detachment from friends and family. At times I encountered very moving issues that I kept thinking about till late in the night, losing sleep in the process. As a result, the level of productivity began to dwindle. This was enough evidence of leading a stressed life. To counter this, I found it necessary to separate personal life from work related issues. This was made possible by adhering to work schedule and exiting work when time was up. At first it felt like I was neglecting some needy members of the society but with time I adjusted. Creating time for family and friends also helped to separate work from personal life and increase productivity. According to Kossek & Lautsch (2008), creating a proper work-life balance increases the overall productivity of workers. Having many friends is always something that many people want and crave for. Having that one friend who you can rely on at all times is even more important. As a social worker in a relationship, I have always had someone with whom I can share challenging issues. This has been an added advantage and a way to prevent accumulation of stress. According to Merelo GuervoÃŒ s (2002), sharing disturbing issues with someone who is ready to listen prevents the possibility of the issues to be stressful. Sharing problems is to some extent a way of solving problems. This relationship has aided the performance at work, since it helps to develop a feeling that there is someone who trusts in you and one who can always be there to help whenever faced with challenges. As much as having many friends has a lot of benefits, it also has its negative implications. This is especially where some friends are out to take advantage of

Stakeholder theory and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words - 1

Stakeholder theory and Strategy - Essay Example Subsequently, the study elucidates how significant stakeholder relationships are in a firm’s enduring existence and survival. Likewise, the paper attempts to concisely illustrate the importance of firms’ employing stakeholder management in their day-to-day operations at the same time succinctly presents how the use of stakeholder analysis can advance corporation efficiency and facilitate a corporation’s effectual policy/decision-making. For the investigation’s methodology, it makes use of the qualitative research employing the interpretivist/inductive stance mode of inquiry. It then concludes with the premise that stakeholders can provide the firm with access to the resources and capabilities that they own, create, and control only if the corporation promotes the stakeholders’ interests or stakes and thus offers the stakeholders opportunities for achieving their objectives. This premise directly follows from the dynamics that create organizations stating that an organization is an amalgamation of people who interact with each other in particular and often repeated ways over some period of time. To attract people to its activities and thereby to assure its continued existence, an organisation must bring some form of benefit—whether psychological, social, cultural, professional, or economic —to the people who participate in its activities. The word stakeholder is compellingly authoritative (Phillips, Freeman, & Wicks, 2003) due to its all-inclusive and at the same time logical depiction of how organizations conduct their business and day-to-day existence. In his pioneering work, Freeman (1984) recommended a stakeholder method to strategic management, inferring that it is imperative for organisations to pay attention to those who affect and are affected by the corporate actions. From that time on, stakeholder theory has become a ‘middle-of-the-road’

Hermes watches-segmentation targeting and positioning Research Paper

Hermes watches-segmentation targeting and positioning - Research Paper Example Markets are made up of numerous segments. Consumers portray different preference, characteristics and buying behaviour. The varying mindset of consumers is determined by many market-based factors. Marketers refer to the heterogeneous market characterised by customer behaviour to divide markets into segments; a process referred to as market segmentation. Therefore, market segmentation can be defined as the division of market into homogenous groups of consumers, in reference to the variables reflected in the marketing mix (West, Ford and Ibrahim, 2006). Marketing strategies are determined by product, price, place, promotion, people, processes and physical evidence. The difference between customers belonging to different market segments is minute. Individual segments should be evaluated through reference to a targeted marketing mix. Market segmentation helps in taking care of the homogenous groups of buyers. The key variables used in segmenting the watch markets include demographic segm entation, geographic segmentation, psychological segmentation, and psychographic segmentation (Dibb and Simkin, 2001). Geographic segmentation involves dividing the market into geographic units such as neighbourhoods, cities, regions and counties. Geographical segmentation factor is crucial in the marketing of the luxurious Hermes watches as customers are located in distant locations. The most strategic location for the marketing stalls for Hermes watches is urban areas. The immense population density creates the required marketing potential. Geographical segmentation of customers will involve the consideration of factors such as region i.e. district, state and city; size of the area; population density that considers various segments depending on population size e.g. urban versus rural neighbourhoods; and climate that considers the weather of the segment. Involves evaluation of factors such as age e.g. the watches have been designed to

Two or More Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay

Two or More Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper - Essay Example In this case, we want to test whether the average salary of a person who has been to school for less than 16 years in less than that of another who spend more than 16 years in school. In hypothesis testing, there is the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the assumed truth while the alternative is what the researcher/analyst will settle for if the assumed truth (null hypothesis) if found to be false. The hypothesis is below. A sample is used instead of using the whole population to draw inferences about the population since it is cheap, it takes a shorter while and has scope like a complete observation of the whole population. In this case, the People who spend less than 16 years in education were 79 while those who had spend more than 16 years in education were 21. Thus, a total of 100 were selected for this study. The people who spend less than 16 years are denoted by 1 while those who spend more than 16 years are denoted by 2. This is a single tailed test to the left, the average salary for those who have been in education for less than 16 years is 26,998.68 with a standard deviation of 13,305.31. The average salary for those who have been in education for more than 16 years is 45,259.52 with a standard deviation of 21,322.18. For those who spent less than 16 years, the salary range was 72,604 with a minimum of 10,997 and a maximum of 83,601 while those with more than 16 years, the range was 73,690 and a minimum of 9,879 and a maximum of 83,569. The maximum and minimum of both less than and more than 16 years are almost he same. From the above results, it is evident that the calculated value for Z lies in the critical region; is not in the acceptance region but in the rejection region as shown above. The null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative accepted. We conclude that, the average salary for those who have been in education for less than 16 years is less than the

Service Profit Chain Valuation Argument about whether employee Essay

Service Profit Chain Valuation Argument about whether employee satisfaction can lead to Customer satisfaction in hence leads to customer loyalty - Essay Example Customer loyalty means that the resort will have repeat business from the same customers and, therefore, remain doing business (Kamakura et al. 2002, p.311). Furthermore, customer loyalty increases the repurchase levels which translate to profitability and a large consumer base. In the service industry, consumer satisfaction is the driving force behind marketing thought and practice (Chakrapani 1998, p.47). In practice, consumer satisfaction is the consumer’s comparison between their purchase and use with the rewards and costs of the service. Other than consumer satisfaction, employee satisfaction is also another factor that determines the profitability of resorts and spas. The employees provide the various services to the customers. Their service delivery is what determines the customer satisfaction and loyalty in the long run. For this reason, employees are the essential part in the service industry. Management in this industry has to manage employees in such a way that they are satisfied. This is the biggest challenge in the hospitality industry as it determines the overall success of the resort or spa. In addition, employee satisfaction increases guest satisfaction and ultimately guest loyalty. This essay analyzes the two concepts, consumer satisfaction, and employee satisfaction, using the service profit chain theory to fully understand their significance to the service industry. Advertising and marketing in this industry relies heavily on consumer behavior; it is the success scale of this industry. The challenge in this industry is trying to attract customers for longer visits and repeat business (Smith & Puczko 2009, p.13). In comparison to other hospitality segments, the resort and spa industry is the fastest growing segment in this industry. Their number has grown steadily over the last few years due to their unique and novel services they provide. Smith and Puczko (2009) attribute the growth of this industry to the recent global trend of alternative

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Memo - Essay Example We have taken this step to increase employee specialization in a particular field and to increase productivity. Employees will even be able to connect with people from different backgrounds and cultures; this will help in developing employees’ interpersonal skills. Communication Language – we have decided to make English as our official language as English language is the world’s third most extensively vocal language. In order to compete globally we need to understand people all over the world and English is the most extensively spoken language. This measure will even help employees from different countries interact with each other and work in teams. SAP took this step to eliminate language barriers and the company will be able to understand the needs of our consumers and work to benefit the consumers. Managers – SAP has hired from different nations as these managers will us develop software according to the needs of the customers. These managers will identify software needs of different customers located in different regions and help us in creating customer friendly software. I am grateful to new and old employees for the commitment and hard work they have shown over the years. We want all our employees to support us in attaining our objective of competing globally. We want our employees to give inputs regarding the training required to implement the change and the difficulties they are facing due to these changes. SAP wants all the employees to meet us in a conference scheduled for 4 April 2010 at 14:00 hours in the conference room number 3. SAP and employees will discuss and analyze the views of our employees in this

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Essay Problem recognition is defined as the perception of a difference between the ideal state of affairs and the actual situation (stream notes chapter 1 Schiffman et al. (2011). Needs recognition is the first stage of all consumer decision process. The problem recognition for buying a RADO watch is initially my want for being able to wear a watch. However I know I want a luxury watch of high value and class, this makes the purchase of a high involvement highly complex and an extensive problem solving decision as it is very expensive. I will be very motivated in the next step which is the search for information. Being of such a high priced purchase I want to find out as much information as I can, not just about the product but also the effect of wearing a RADO watch. Firstly I will do an internal search of information, this is a quick sweep over the mind on what I can recall about the product and is done as soon as a problem is recognised. With lower interest or motivated purchases this could be deemed enough and I would move onto the purchase. However, as this is a complex purchase I want to know more information, this is called an external information search. By including an external investigation I will better understand the risks involved with buying a RADO watch. Such as functional risk, will the product work as expected? Physical risk, is the watch safe? such as reactions to the materials it is made from. Financial risk, is it worth the price? will I gain enough satisfaction to warrant such an expensive item. Social risk, am I going to embarrass myself or not fit in? Physiological risk, what effect will wearing a RADO watch have on myself esteem, will I feel good? and lastly time risk, the amount of time and effort spent on the purchase decision, was it a waste? The amount of time spent on an external information search all depends on the value of the product to the consumer. In this case I would undergo a very detailed investigation where I invest a lot of time because of my student financial situation. When doing external research I am soon effected by marketers and exposure to outside stimulants. For example when doing my search I wanted to see where I could purchase a RADO watch from . When I visited the RADO website I was soon drawn in by the instant look of class and wealth which appeals to my personality and realize by purchasing a new RADO watch I would be fueling my ego and moving towards my ideal self image. I also satisfied my need for knowledge and information about the product, I learnt what they were made out of, what new technology they include and what celebrities and events endorse the products, which to me shows they are of a popular status and could create a positive image about myself. Therefore I will move on to the next stage of the decision model, evaluation of alternatives. By using the conjunctive decision rule I am able to set a degree of cut off standard. The Executive watch market is very competitive and includes other brands such as ROLEX, TISSO and MIDO. All of which offer a similar product but I believe a RADO watch provides a better experience. Its combined features such as having a reputation of being scratch free, sleek and an industry leader for design and new materials match its personal experience portraying a high social class, wealth, success and confidence. After all Andy Murray wears one. After being satisfied with my choice and research I then purchase the RADO watch from either the Christchurch or Auckland supplier. However Purchasing the product IS important it is not the final stage of the consumer decision model. After purchasing the product a consumer then evaluates the effect, while wearing my RADO watch I evaluate its effect, has it meet all my expectations. Consumers will try to reduce post purchase cognitive dissonance by seeking support that they made the right decision, either from peers, advertising or other customers. After purchasing my watch I felt it did meet all my expectations of class and image aswell as functionality however I was not happy from the price I paid. RADO watches are very expensive ranging from over $1000 for the cheapest. After investing so much money I feel that it is not worth the satisfaction or wellbeing I gained. Therefore I would take the final step in the model by divestment. I would claim back my money from the watch by reselling it. Divestment is the remarketing, reselling or disposal of the product or packaging after use. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ My purchase of a Manual tooth brush is allot more simple and would be considered a habitual decision with low involvement as I would always choose the cheapest brush. The first stage, needs recognition would occur when my current tooth brush became worn out and I need a replacement. When undergoing an information search I would solely rely on an internal method and would feel satisfied that I know enough information about the product choices. The reason I have a low involvement outlook is because I see the product as low risk as there is no strong design difference or any features between the choices that effect social, financial, psychological, or time risk. they all seem indifferent apart from a slight price difference. This comes from a recollection of past experiences where I get the same satisfaction from any brand, The next step in the model, pre purchase evaluation of alternatives would solely happen at the single shop I went to when I am actually picking my product from the shelf. As a tooth brush is of low involvement and value to me I have no motivation to visit any other outlets and want to get the purchase done as fast and easily as possible. The next step is to purchase the item, which I will do by picking the cheapest one from the shelf, pay then leave the store to consume the product. When I consume the product I don’t have many standards that need to be meet. Therefore this brush easy for fills my requirements and I am satisfied. Being of a low involvement purchase the post purchase evaluation will be limited and not as extensive of such as the RADO watch. I will continue to re purchase this brand but only if it remains the cheapest, I have no brand loyalty and will switch to alternative brands if there are opportunities such as a sale. The final stage in the process is divestment. After use, both the product and its packaging will be disposed of as rubbish because it holds no further value for resale, unlike the watch which is still valuable because of its high price. cant try it on rado †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The standard consumer decision process model by Engel, Blackwell and Miniard is very useful for marketers as it is a road map of consumers minds which takes a journey through the different steps of consumption, starting with problem recognition then information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, consumption, post consumption evaluation and lastly divestment.

Diamond cites multiple factors Essay Example for Free

Diamond cites multiple factors Essay A tale of two very similar farms, 500 years apart in time, in Montana and in Greenland respectively, sets the scene for Jared Diamond’s romp round the known world with an ecological bee in his bonnet. One farm prospered, and the other collapsed. Here ends the first reading, and sure enough, another few dozen parables of human folly follow immediately after. The book reads like a sequel to Diamond’s Pulitzer Prize winning title of 1997: Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies even though the focus this time is more firmly on the societies that failed. The same cherry-picking formula is used, and the same breezy tone makes Collapse a fairly easy read, despite its heavy theme and expansive range. The book’s central thesis is that it is geography, more than history, that ultimately causes the demise of individual human communities and societies. This is perhaps not surprising from a professor of geology and physiology at the University of California in Los Angeles. The frozen wastes of Greenland and the striking stone heads of Easter Island are presented as grim reminders of past civilisations. Diamond cites multiple factors such as environmental change, climate change, hostile neighbours, loss of trading partners and a poor response to emerging environmental problems as the causes of decline and ultimately the collapse of these societies. He is at his best when he talks about smaller, more isolated and pre-industrial groups, putting us all in mind of an earlier time when people generally lived in villages rather than cities. The book shifts, however, and applies the same kind of analysis to large city-based civilizations like the ancient Maya of South America and more mixed modern economies such as China and Australia. In these cases, as they say, the plot thickens and when Diamond gets his crystal ball out, he predicts that China, â€Å"the lurching giant† will have to apply its typical top-down draconian pressures to environmental issues in the same way that it enforced a strict curb on the birth rate. Diamond’s innocuous description of China’s brutal one child ruling as â€Å"family planning policies †¦ bold and effectively carried out† underplays the culture shift that would need to occur if ever a western democracy were to try a similar tactic in aid of environmental reforms. One can’t help thinking that Diamond has not yet got his head round the concept of globalization and the astonishing capacity that modern democracies have for technological solutions to the old crises of supply and demand of raw resources. His rather glib conclusion â€Å"Globalization makes it impossible for modern societies to collapse in isolation†¦ for the first time we face the risk of a global decline† simply expands the primitive pattern to a bigger scale. This book is a wake up call. Some of its claims are exaggerated, as when the situation of modern Australia is compared to â€Å"an exponentially accelerating horse race† which for Diamond means â€Å"accelerating in the manner of a nuclear chain reaction. † The metaphors may be hopelessly mixed, but the point he is making is clear and critically important. After a leisurely wander through most of human civilisation as we know it, Diamond draws sobering conclusions about the cost of mistakes that we should, theoretically at least, be able to predict and deal with before they become fatal and final errors. While we may not be able to agree with all of his conclusions, we certainly are in debt to Jared Diamond for providing us with, yet again, a gripping sequence of well-drawn episodes and plenty of food for thought.

Mcminns Psychology Theology And Spirituality In Christian Counseling Religion Essay

Mcminns Psychology Theology And Spirituality In Christian Counseling Religion Essay Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling written by Mark R. McMinn teaches Christian counselors the importance of Spirituality in the counseling office. Throughout the book McMinn provides deep insight on the integration of the three concepts; the author provides concrete cases that allow the reader to grasp the information by applying the scenarios to the text. To better equip Christian Counselors he uses cognitive therapy from a Christian perspective as foundation for his work. He stresses the importance of building an effective therapeutic relationship between the counselor and the client in order for therapy to be successful. McMinn uses a variety of religious interventions to establish psychological and spiritual health. Throughout the chapters he elaborates on the use of prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption in the counseling practice. McMinn discusses the positive effects as well as negative side effects of the use of prayer. He states that the counselors level of spiritual maturity will provide an upper limit for the potential impact of prayer in counseling (McMinn, 1996, p.87). McMinn highlights the power of Scripture and outlines the specific effects it may have on the client. McMinn summarizes the chapter by noting Our knowledge of God, self and Scripture are all interrelated, but our capacity to understand any one of these elements will add to our ability to understand the others (McMinn, 1996, p.124). McMinns study of the nature of sin and its role in the counseling practice is also very thorough. As he notes, generally psychologists have been uninterested in sin, preferring to ignore it or to discuss the effects of the concept of sin (McMinn, 1996, p. 161). Such an attitude has negative consequences, as in most cases sin can be a reason of depression, feeling of guilt and other negative feelings. He proposes the Christian counselor to understand sin from a theological and spiritual perspective. As he states, such a change can add necessary depth to the work of a counselor and encourage his clients to grow spiritually. Describing the historical references of confession as a sacrament of penance, McMinn underlines the necessity to understand its role and importance in the work of a Christian Therapist. Confession requires humility, which requires us to look at ourselves honestly and recognize both our strengths and weaknesses. Confession closely deals with forgiveness, which is a very popular topic among counselors. The author attracts readers attention to the fact that Christian understanding of forgiveness may differ from the ways that non-Christian counselors understand forgiveness. Christian forgiveness is not a simple emotional relief; however, McMinn stated that our capacity to forgive one another depends on our capacity to understand both our need for forgiveness and Gods gracious gift of forgiveness (McMinn, 1996, p.235). McMinns final chapter on redemption sums up the pr evious topics prayer, scripture, sin, confession, and forgiveness. Redemption is a process of being freed from sin and being restored back unto God. As McMinn finalizes the book with this chapter he sums up redemption by saying the wonder of redemption is that we are brought back into a relationship with God (McMinn, 1996, p.265). Finally once we experience redemption, our old ways of thinking are brought as one with God. After reading this story I am reminded of a demonstration given by my former pastor. Leading up to this demonstration my uncle Jesse had been beaten unrecognizably by gang members in Charlotte, NC. My uncle, raised in the church, had a calling on his life from a very young age and refused to accept his calling. He had been running for years and through those years he was often referred to Jonah, but one night changed all of that for my uncle. I can still remember visiting him in the ICU at Carolina Hospital in Charlotte and afraid to look at the hideous swellings upon his face. His eyes were swollen to the size of golf balls and stitches had been applied to various parts of his face it was a horrible sight to see. After his release he was given shelter by my pastor and started attending the church. The demonstration given by my pastor showed the church what sin can do to a person. I remember hearing my pastor pray and my uncle confessing all his sins while standing at the altar. The pastor preached a heavy sermon that taught me how important the confessions of sins were in seeking forgiveness from God. I have learned that God is a God of second chances and he will grant us forgiveness if and when we are ready to confess with our mouths. The moral of the story my pastor pointed out was that God was a redeemer and therefore gave second chances to his sons and daughters. Reflection McMinn did an excellent job covering the aspects of integrating psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. While the book offers insightful ways to look at different situations that may happen in the Christian counseling office there is one thing that bothered me most. If most types of prayer has not been researched how is the counselor supposed to define clear and ethical guidelines for the use of prayer in counseling? I believe that prayer forms an intimate relationship between God and the individual; therefore prayer should not be used in the therapy sessions especially if further research is needed. Prayer I do believe is an effective tool that can be used in therapy but should be used outside the counseling sessions gradually as the client feels comfort and the need for seeking Gods presence on his or her own. This is a good book and should be read by all Christian counselors. It is essential in helping to expand their knowledge on the basis of integrating p sychology, theology, and spirituality. The case studies are helpful in learning both positive and negative ways to approach similar situations met in the counseling sessions. McMinn did a great job elaborating on the different themes prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption. The uses of the themes were successful in teaching the confused counselor how to integrate their spirituality into the therapy session. Overall the book is a positive guide for new and old counselors to use as basis of understanding how each of the themes can have a powerful impact on a clients progress. Actions This was an outstanding book and it taught me valuable instructions on multitasking as a counselor. McMinn stated that the most effective Christian counselors are able to process several ideas simultaneously (McMinn, 1996, p. 269). It is important for a counselor to be able to successfully integrate psychology, theology and spirituality in the counseling sessions to effectively treat the problems of their clients. I personally will take what I learned and continue to read and enhance my understanding of the different concepts so that I may learn to use them wisely. Reading this book enlightened me with so much information that I can easily share with a friend to enhance their knowledge of Christian counselors. I would first make it known to them that as a Christian counselor we are set apart from other psychologists in that we put God at the forefront of our lives and therapy sessions. Being a Christian psychologist comes with many challenges and we have to constantly refine our rela tionship with God and acknowledge him as the All knowing God because thats who we ultimately seek direction from. Learning how to integrate the use of prayer and scripture with Christian clients we have to recognize the negative side effects that can come of prayer or scriptural interventions. I will continue to keep God first in my life allowing him to speak to me, lead me, and guide me as an instrument to help others. I can only better myself after reading this book and take what I learned to become the multitasking counselor.

Various Genetic Disorders Essay -- Papers

Various Genetic Disorders Alterations in human chromosomes or the deletion of an important gene product are often due to a mutation, which can spring an abundant strand of genetic mutations and improper coding. Mutations can spring from deletion, duplication or inversion of a chromosome. This improper deletion is the factor that leads to complications and ultimately genetic disorders. Turner Syndrome and Cat-cry Syndrome are both alterations of chromosome structure due to deletion. In Turner Syndrome, there is a missing X chromosome and in the Cat-cry Syndrome chromosome-18 has been lost or deleted. Other genetic disorders that give rise to discussion are point mutations which include Sickle cell anemia, Maternal PKU and the genetic disorder of The D1 Trisomy syndrome. Turner Syndrome was described first by Turner in 1938 (Jack H. Hung 1989 p.45) and it was established that this disorder was due to the deletion of an X chromosome in 1959 by Ford, Jones, Polani, de Ameida and Briggs. The most predominant traits of those who have this disorder consist of being short, having neck webbing with a low hairline and having a widely spaced chest. Turner Syndrome disease is not a fatal disease as long as there is management of possible heart problems and ovarian dysfunction. Early support and counseling are the key in dealing with psychological problems that may arise such as infertility and potential hearing loss. Cat-cry Syndrome is another deletion disorder in which inhibitor survives quite well. Lejeune recognized this disorder in 1964 and he gave it the official nam... ...d off the face of the planet, but can be somewhat predicted with the help of family trees and common knowledge of ancestors. Bibliography Kenneth Lyons Jones, M.D. 1988. Smiths Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation pp.520-521 W. B. Saunders Company. G.H. Valentine, M B. 1969. The Chromosome Disorders pp. 113-115 pp. 103-106 Printed in Great Britain by The Whitefriars Press Ltd. London and Tonbridge. Jack H. Jung, M.D. 1989. Genetic syndromes in Communication Disorders pp. 45 PRO-ED Printed in the United States of America. Neil A Campbell, Lawrence G. Mitchell, Jane B. Reece. 1997. Biology concepts and connections. In The Human Genome pp. 238-239 The Benjamin/cummings Publishing Company. Arthur Metcalf. Sickle Cell Diesase. Accessed 4/20/99 through Dogpile. http://www.wcu.edu/library/online/index.htm)

Interesting people in History: Bjork :: essays research papers

Bjà ¶rk first came to prominence as one of the lead vocalists of the avant-pop Icelandic sextet the Sugarcubes, but when she launched a solo career after the group's 1992 demise, she quickly eclipsed her old band's popularity. Instead of following in the Sugarcubes' arty guitar rock pretensions, Bjà ¶rk immersed herself in dance and club culture, working with many of the biggest names in the genre, including Nellee Hooper, Underworld, and Tricky. Debut, her first solo effort (except for an Icelandic-only smash released when she was just 11 years old), not only established her new artistic direction, but it became an international hit, making her one of the '90s most unlikely stars. Though the title of Debut implied that it was Bjà ¶rk's first-ever solo project, she had actually been a professional vocalist since she was a child. When she was in elementary school in Reykjavik, she studied classical piano and, eventually, her teachers submitted a tape of her singing Tina Charles' "I Love to Love" to Iceland's Radio One. After "I Love to Love" was aired, a record label called Falkkin offered Bjà ¶rk a record contract. At the age of 11, her eponymous first album was released; the record contained covers of several pop songs, including the Beatles' "Fool on the Hill," and boasted artwork from her mother and guitar work from her stepfather. Bjà ¶rk became a hit within Iceland and was not released in any other country. Bjà ¶rk's musical tastes were changed by the punk revolution of the late '70s; in 1979, she formed a post-punk group called Exodus and, in the following year, she sang in Jam 80. In 1981, Bjà ¶rk and Exodus bassist Jakob Magnusson formed Tappi Tikarrass, which released an EP, Bitid Fast I Vitid, on Spor later that year; it was followed by the full-length Miranda in 1983. Following Tappi Tikarrass, she formed the goth-tinged post-punk group KUKL with Einar Orn Benediktsson. KUKL released two albums, The Eye (1984) and Holidays in Europe (1986), on Crass Records before the band metamorphosed into the Sugarcubes in the summer of 1986. The Sugarcubes became one of the rare Icelandic bands to break out of their native country when their debut album, Life's Too Good, became a British and American hit in 1988. For the next four years, the group maintained a successful cult following in the U.K. and the U.S. while they were stars within Iceland. During 1990, Bjà ¶rk recorded a set of jazz standards and originals with an Icelandic bebop group called Trio Gudmundar Ingolfssonar.

The Character of Clarissa Dalloway Created by Virginia Woolf Essays

Virginia Woolf creates interesting contrast within the character of Clarissa Dalloway using stream of consciousness narration in her novel Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa’s inner thoughts reveal a contrast between her lack of attraction to her husband due to her lesbian feelings and her fear of loosing him as a social stepping stone. These contrasts and many others can be seen throughout the novel using the literary device of stream of consciousness narration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarissa’s character reveals to us early in the book her lack of attraction to her husband. This revelation can be seen in the passage that states: â€Å"...through some contraction of this cold spirit, she had failed him...she could see what she lacked...it was something central which permeated....† The â€Å"cold spir...

Barbie Doll

Barbie Topic: Barbie General Function: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the history of the Barbie Doll. Organization Design: Topical Introduction Attention-Arousing and Orienting Material: When you think long hair, perfect skin, trendy clothes, and a rockin’ body, what comes to every little girls mind? Barbie of course! Credibility: As a child I had a Barbie or two, or twenty. When the day was rainy and no friends could come over and play I always knew my dear friends Tara and Tonya would be there for me.They were my favorite Barbie. They were twins, only because one Christmas I received the same doll from two different sides of the family. Both with long brown hair like me. In a way I felt like we were triplets. Hey! Every girl can dream. Thesis statement: Barbie was known to be every little girls friend and best secret keeper. Preview of the Main Points: First I will inform you a little about who had the brilliant idea of Barbie. Secondly I will give you the history of the very first Barbie. Lastly I will describe the changes of Barbie from then until now. Transition: Let me start off by telling you who the master mind behind Barbie was) Body I: The Barbie doll was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler, whom referred to herself as â€Å"Barbie’s Mom† A: Ruth (co-founder of Mattel) invented and anatomically improbable molded plastic statuette named Barbie. 1. Ruth was born November 4, 1916 in Colorado. 2. She lived 84 long years before kicking the bucket on April 27, 2002 in Los Angeles, CA. 3. Ruth was the first to invent, first to patent, the doll we call Barbie.B: After watching her daughter spend long hours making paper dolls, she knew there had to be a better way 1. Ruth wanted every little girl to have the chance to be who she dreamed of 2. With Barbie it was possible for every girl to escape from life’s busy times. 3. She could grab her Barbie and BOMB†¦ she was all the sudden imagining roles as college st udents, cheerleaders, and adults with any desirable career. 4. She wanted to better facilitate the way young girls were playing with their dolls. (Transition: Who is Barbie? II: Barbie, invented in 1959 is the icon for both a steady outlet for girls dreams and a ever changing reflection of the American society. A. Unlike the baby dolls, Barbie had an adult bod 1. Barbie represents a woman of choice 2. Barbie can be a doctor today, and live off her dads money tomorrow. 3. Even in the early years of Barbie she didn’t have to settle for only being Kens Girlfriend. B. The first Barbie was sold for $3 1. Her additional clothing, based on latest runway fashion was sold for $1-5 . In the first years, 300,000 Barbie’s were sold. C. There’s not just one type of Barbie 1. In 1965, Barbie had bendable legs and eyes that opened and closed 2. In 1967, Barbie’s waist could now twist and turn 3. The best seller was released in 1992, the â€Å"totally Hair Barbie† (Transition: Barbie has underwent a couple â€Å"surgeries† over the years) III: Barbie has changed a lot over the past 54 years A. Barbie now days are a bite different 1. From the first Barbie to the ones now day a lot has changed 2.Some of these changes are a. Arched back b. Underwear are now flesh colored c. Her ribcage is more deflated d. She gained a butt B. Barbie’s clothes have become more reveling 1. Her first outfit (the 1 piece black and white swimsuit) is now a string bikini 2. Skirts have become shorter 3. Dresses are a lot tighter C. The first Barbie’s didn’t really branch out as far as hair colors and skin tones. 1. Today Barbie’s come in every hair color 2. Her skin is darker in some than others 3. The first black Barbie was introduced in 1980Conclusion Signal of end: In Conclusion Summary statement: You didn’t know there was that much to know about our miniature us did you? Neither did I. The fact that Ruth got such a brilli ant idea from just watching her daughter play, or how much history was in such a small thing. And all the changes a plastic doll can make on young girls life. Concluding Remarks: I just want to leave you with some words form Ruth herself. â€Å"Every little girl needed a doll through which to project herself into her dream of her future.If she was going to do role play of what she would be like when she was 16 or 17 is was a little stupid to play with a doll that had a flat chest. So I gave it beautiful breasts. Work Cited http://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Magazines&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA225073904 ttp://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&window state=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Magazines&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA215000037 Barbie Doll Barbie Topic: Barbie General Function: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the history of the Barbie Doll. Organization Design: Topical Introduction Attention-Arousing and Orienting Material: When you think long hair, perfect skin, trendy clothes, and a rockin’ body, what comes to every little girls mind? Barbie of course! Credibility: As a child I had a Barbie or two, or twenty. When the day was rainy and no friends could come over and play I always knew my dear friends Tara and Tonya would be there for me.They were my favorite Barbie. They were twins, only because one Christmas I received the same doll from two different sides of the family. Both with long brown hair like me. In a way I felt like we were triplets. Hey! Every girl can dream. Thesis statement: Barbie was known to be every little girls friend and best secret keeper. Preview of the Main Points: First I will inform you a little about who had the brilliant idea of Barbie. Secondly I will give you the history of the very first Barbie. Lastly I will describe the changes of Barbie from then until now. Transition: Let me start off by telling you who the master mind behind Barbie was) Body I: The Barbie doll was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler, whom referred to herself as â€Å"Barbie’s Mom† A: Ruth (co-founder of Mattel) invented and anatomically improbable molded plastic statuette named Barbie. 1. Ruth was born November 4, 1916 in Colorado. 2. She lived 84 long years before kicking the bucket on April 27, 2002 in Los Angeles, CA. 3. Ruth was the first to invent, first to patent, the doll we call Barbie.B: After watching her daughter spend long hours making paper dolls, she knew there had to be a better way 1. Ruth wanted every little girl to have the chance to be who she dreamed of 2. With Barbie it was possible for every girl to escape from life’s busy times. 3. She could grab her Barbie and BOMB†¦ she was all the sudden imagining roles as college st udents, cheerleaders, and adults with any desirable career. 4. She wanted to better facilitate the way young girls were playing with their dolls. (Transition: Who is Barbie? II: Barbie, invented in 1959 is the icon for both a steady outlet for girls dreams and a ever changing reflection of the American society. A. Unlike the baby dolls, Barbie had an adult bod 1. Barbie represents a woman of choice 2. Barbie can be a doctor today, and live off her dads money tomorrow. 3. Even in the early years of Barbie she didn’t have to settle for only being Kens Girlfriend. B. The first Barbie was sold for $3 1. Her additional clothing, based on latest runway fashion was sold for $1-5 . In the first years, 300,000 Barbie’s were sold. C. There’s not just one type of Barbie 1. In 1965, Barbie had bendable legs and eyes that opened and closed 2. In 1967, Barbie’s waist could now twist and turn 3. The best seller was released in 1992, the â€Å"totally Hair Barbie† (Transition: Barbie has underwent a couple â€Å"surgeries† over the years) III: Barbie has changed a lot over the past 54 years A. Barbie now days are a bite different 1. From the first Barbie to the ones now day a lot has changed 2.Some of these changes are a. Arched back b. Underwear are now flesh colored c. Her ribcage is more deflated d. She gained a butt B. Barbie’s clothes have become more reveling 1. Her first outfit (the 1 piece black and white swimsuit) is now a string bikini 2. Skirts have become shorter 3. Dresses are a lot tighter C. The first Barbie’s didn’t really branch out as far as hair colors and skin tones. 1. Today Barbie’s come in every hair color 2. Her skin is darker in some than others 3. The first black Barbie was introduced in 1980Conclusion Signal of end: In Conclusion Summary statement: You didn’t know there was that much to know about our miniature us did you? Neither did I. The fact that Ruth got such a brilli ant idea from just watching her daughter play, or how much history was in such a small thing. And all the changes a plastic doll can make on young girls life. Concluding Remarks: I just want to leave you with some words form Ruth herself. â€Å"Every little girl needed a doll through which to project herself into her dream of her future.If she was going to do role play of what she would be like when she was 16 or 17 is was a little stupid to play with a doll that had a flat chest. So I gave it beautiful breasts. Work Cited http://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Magazines&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA225073904 ttp://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&window state=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Magazines&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA215000037

Operation & Logistics Management Essay

In modern world, the oversight of trading trading trading operations and logistics foundation see the know-what, the know-how, and know-why of a beau mondes over all(prenominal) picture as well as its functional aras. acquaintance of the worry is acquired by managers and employees, including analysts, by examining and sewervas operations under study. This differs from the acquisition of narrow noesis that is lettered by achievement over time.Usually, the commission of operations and logistics is conducted by comp whatsoever somevirtuosonel who possess a high level of skills in their scene of action of sketch, for example, strategic planning, marketing, manufacturing, accounting and finance, and homophile resources. Besides, thither are early(a) family occupations that accommodate some type of focal point pitch state, today or in devisely. The precaution of operations and logistics chamberpot therefore be desexualised as the acquisition, creation, packa ging, or application of experience (Lesser 90).KANGPUT engine room phylogenesis companionship has been increasingly, and heavily, influenced by economical theories of the firm nonably, extending management administrations, selecting steal packet system merchandise that whitethorn be fixed under the umbrella term of the friendship-based resume of the firm. KANGPUT engine room tuition beau monde is based on customer satisfaction. This slewvass is based on KANGPUT applied science nurture comply with in China. This paper de federal agency consider how to enforce, maintain and control the knowledge effectively so the flow rate management of operations and logistics of the organisation could be improve and collapse a crack prospective overall.This roleplay similarly covers the possible hold for the director of KANGPUT engine room Development caller-out to accommodate changing knowledge urinate processes. An important part of developing operations an d logistics management systems is selecting appropriate software, and therefore software selection is as well discussed in the paper. operations form the base of both transnational and small association, whether in manufacturing, service or non-profit organisations.Operations Management & Logistics is a product line that shit-to doe withs several subject disciplines such as product development, quality management, logistics, data systems and homophile resources management. Operations comprise come outning from the cognitive operation management of a group of instauration engineers to the exact forecast of production and deli rattling executing. batch are the source of the ideas and actions that wax organizations. Yet the role of peck and piece detonating device has been changing in a fundamental way over the dwell several decades. Until recently, institutions have been the dominant part of the equation.As retentive as homo inputs into wealth were facen as commod ities, indeed heap were inter stirable, one for another. Their contri aloneions were marginal to the profits and practices of the company. As much as leadership proclaimed, Our people are our most important resource, very few organizations actually mobilized their people (Thierauf 32). A study challenge for the organisation is to get and cultivate its ne 2rks of compassionate capital (Bas educatet 35). In this era, the valet de chambre capital that supports the company is altogether partially a group of direct employees.In fact, as time goes on, some(prenominal) another(prenominal) organizations conduce operate with a snapper group of strategic leadership. The era where benign bureaucracies hired people to have jobs for invigoration has come to an end. Instead, people will call on in a number of organizations during their operative lives and whitethorn have multiple engagements with a number of companies at the same time. People will increasingly begin to conditio n themselves as companies of one, where they are responsible for their learning, their ad hominem growth strategies, the quality of their bloods, and their work surround.As a result, a growing correspondence of the people working with enterprises will be independent contractors, outsourced from other organizations, members of organizations with whom the enterprise has alliances. KANGPUT Technology Development Company raises these critical questions and beat the groundwork for establishing the kinds of frameworks, practices, and relationships that are necessary for any company to successfully navigate operations management & logistics.KANGPUT Technology Development Company must to make organization that is zip fastener more than an extension of human fancy and action, which makes human capital the only mobile capital. Financial and physical resources are important, but they cannot be transformed without the lever of human capital. The input of human capital grows in value and is becoming the differentiator for the company. Therefore, KANGPUT Technology Development Company must recalibrate to see how that input operates and bring it into balance with all of the other elements, including long-term knowledge management strategy.There should be a position shift. As people will begin to be better able to autonomously pull ahead culture, achieve mobility, and initiate connectivity, they will specify the role and value of their human capital. As a result, they will make bran-new demands on management for more welcome kinds of tools and techniques for the management of operations. Operations management has to, in a sense, catch up with its men and respond with increasing flexibility to die hard the kinds of capabilities and commitments it necessitate to succeed (Lowson 120).This is a major reversal for operation management, which is use to world able to dictate the terms of work. Regardless, it is a necessity. Company leadership must come to know bett er what human capital it needs, not just for today, but also for tomorrow and the day after. It must see how to rapidly acquire, compensate, grow, and retain it so that it can positively affect its business performance and operating objectives. The result is that it must transplant its orientation and its basic systems to be at the lead of the knowledge-based enterprise reality.Managing the knowledge and human capital for continuous learning, sharing, and connecting as human beings needs to be part of the routine practice of everyone, from leadership to the frontline of the company (Thierauf 67-78). In the starting line, it should be said that there is no single hardware or software product or combination of the two that can lend oneself a complete approach to operations management. If a plenary operations management system environment is the ultimate ending, hardware and software products cannot be utilized alone.Creating a company-wide knowledge management infrastructure n eeds the integration of many different technologies. For KANGPUT Technology Development Company to open successfully its collective knowledge for companywide use, it is essential not only to develop and use integrated hardware and software engine room but also to use the development companys employees and their tie in business processes with this knowledge management technology.If KANGPUT Technology Development Company employees are not working in a cooperative environment or if no procedures are in place to share the knowledge, no amount of operations management system technology can change that. For operations management system environment to work well, it must be viewed by company employees at all levels as a strategic means for KANGPUT Technology Development Company to become more combative and ensure success in the long run.To better comprehend what needs to be through to develop operations management systems effectively, it is best to begin with past and current approaches to the management of operations. This can be done in the form of expert systems and then go on to various levels of working(a) knowledge acquisition and usebeginning from tactical knowledge to strategic knowledge (Leonard-Barton 156). To acquire and spread narrow- to wide-based operational knowledge for KANGPUT Technology Development Companys employees, the present knowledge work processes may have to be innovated.This may allow in reengineering in which knowledge work processes have to be revamped so that knowledge flows freely to every functional unit and subpart that needs it. In inn to achieve this determined knowledge work redesign, several approaches can be undertaken by operational knowledge management system developers. First, KANGPUT Technology Development Company can change the topic of knowledge by expanding what it encompasses in order to better meet desire goals.Second, the company can reorder the composition of work so that company employees may change the conce ntration of their jobs from information to knowledge. This change may demand the use of more teams of employees in order to share knowledge learned from previous projects, job assignments, and the like. From another side, the change can concentrate on the employment of new networking technology that lends itself to groupware. Using this technology allows employees to have individual knowledge bases and globose knowledge bases so that to improve the forcefulness of their operations.Overall, the described changes are quite tenacious with reengineering approaches to work and also bolster the efforts of employees apply knowledge to make their jobs more effectively. For the purpose to decide which approach to use for reengineering work processes, it is essential for the operations system developers to define which knowledge orientation is required by the company and its employees. Additionally, there are other factors that can influence which direction to choose. These involve the co mpetitive environment, corporate culture, company strategies, problem-finding approach, and the information technology infrastructure.By creating an effective relationship among knowledge work processes, company employees, and the items posit forth above, operations system developers can sort out the important factors and set forth ones that are useful in the final design. Operations management systems represent a new business tidings technology that is useful. Business intelligence technology has become popular because it gives closing makers the probability to access and analyze large quantities of information. This information can be used to take out knowledge concerning current and future patterns and trends.Besides, operations management systems are attractive because they give decision makers faster access to desired knowledge which can be presented in new ways that do not require extensive custom programming. In the future of the company they will embolden decision make rs in making better informed decisions. The point is that decision makers have a wide base of resources at their command to use on problems veneering them. Since no one software product can serve the full pad of user knowledge needs, there are a host of products available today. unspoiled operations management systems require the cooperation of the vendors, the figurer department, and the companys decision makers and their employees. nigh outside vendor products have limitations that will be reached the first time a user says, I need . What the person then finds is that the package has provided what is thought to be needed. The vendor can do curt to adapt it. So instead of just now acquiring this package, it is necessary to look for one or more software packages that provide capabilities for adapting it to the needs of company decision makers.This of course leads to the next team that must be shaped, the computer department. Cooperating with the computer department preferabl y than treating it as an outsider will result in a operations management system much better used to the users needs. These computer employees, after all, have been providing much of the information that managers and their employees use. Therefore, they know what some of the decision makers needs are already. They will also be the people who will create and implement the system and adapt it to decision makers needs.

How hot can you be?

Some of them physical exertion repeat to pretend you remember, emotions to touch your feelings, and well-known famous people to essay you trust. Some of these advertisings are much powerful than others and this is the geek of QuickTime ads. This advert is actually hard-hitting, not completely because it incorporates a well known famous someone that uses the pill, it excessively shows a link to a tried website that gives the likely buyer health information and they use the repetition psychological fact to victorious into custody women attention. This lean prejudice crops advertizing was created to catch the attention of all women.The advertisement asks women how hot could they be and displays a picture of the sexual activity icon Kim Sardinian. By doing this, the correlation between exploitation the QuickTime point of intersection and looking like Kim Sardinian is created. What cleaning woman does not want to look beautiful? The advertisement indicates that usi ng the product shown will allow the mortal being targeted to look better than ever. The ad commits a logical fallacy by making the faux correlation between taking he product and solving all of the users physical aesthetic problems. What if someone has an enormous nose? Will CT answer?The product fails to specifically target an overweight auditory modality plainly instead targets all women, making the ad less effective. How can you trust a product that makes a promise it cannot keep? On glide by of the tactics mentioned before, the ad shows a link to WebMD (which is rock-steady website). Women who sop up this on the products ad would probably see these pills as a safe option. and at that place is information proving the opposite, an example f this is in an obligate on the Time Magazine July editions which contains an article that explains to readers that weight loss products are heavy on claims, but there is a scarcity of scientific proof.According to them, forthwith there are no products that could be considered safe, effective and rigorously tested. They also mention that the U. S nutrition and Drug Administration (FDA) (Park and Suffering 20) do not evaluate most weight loss supplements for safety. However with all this valuable information that loud be easily found on the web, many women great power be tricked into thinking this product is safe collect to the advertisement containing a reliable checkup website.There is a lot psychological research that proves that repetition works very well in influencing people, and this ad is not the exception. If a woman sees the advertisement Just one date she might ignore it, but if the ad keeps reoccurring accordingly it will most likely catch the audiences attention. As it says on the website changings. Org Repetition creates a pattern, which consequently and course Arabs our attention at first and then creates the simpleness of familiarity. (Repetition Principle).Familiarity subsequently hints li king more than dislike, companies know this and they apply it very well to their advertisements. therefore even women, who are not thinking on buying the product, probably would unconsciously do it. In conclusion this advertisement is very effective, not only because it incorporates a well known famous person that uses the pill, it also shows a link to a reliable website that gives the prospective buyer health information and they use psychological petition in various forms of media to grab womens attention.There are many companies like QuickTime that are taking advantage of people that befuddle low self- esteem, by advertising a product that supposedly makes you relapse weight and become more aesthetically appealing. This advertisement gives a false claim that it can exactly solve a persons more complicated problems by taking a miracle pill. By incorporating a medical site to the ad also gives a reek of safety in this pill and makes the targeted audience have a sense of trust in this product.

Lab report

recurability app coldmments were interpreted on a fas decenniumner dollar billing of lightning to trance the jibe duration, and besides bill the suffering drift of a spigot by assessment rod the philia of clock cadence it took to lease a beaker. To go by dint of a frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) finished sampling, 20 mensurations of apiece surgical incision were wizt outed. For the d lancinating meter rin fasten of this science science science science science research science es reciteing groundoratory, a multi-meter was construct custom of to mea genuine the bulwark in a date at of decade undergrounds. from distri unlessively angiotensin-converting enzyme go mensural the ohmic vindications double to stomach for to a heavy(p)er extent than(prenominal) critical statistical digest. aft(prenominal) e punctilious ginmillments were descent withd untougheneded, statistical analytic thinking much(prenominal) as intend, type dis drivee, and squ be(a) advancing(a) taut break a focal point with 90%, 95%, and 99% sanction intervals were utilise to stupefy the egresss. at in angiotensin-converting enzymeness deterrent example calculations were peakture, it was pay back that thither was shift in this moving cod to the surround and to valet defect, unless tout ensemble of the issuings flatten at croupe the regularizes of pledge for for sepa enume considerly 1 disposed variance. relevancy In this examineationation aloofness, feed site, and metro was mensur adequate to(p) and the legitimate mingy was work out. It was nonice that the received stiff vary depending on the divergence of the warning as certain to be and ingest threadb ar release.It was exposen that the existence oblige to be, or trusdeucerthy think of, could non be strand exactly, still could be bringing shutting unitedlyd as a enjoin with a veri conf prac tise result aim of self-reliance with the mea real nicement of the model incriminate and warning exemplification expiration. The cogniseity adept in this science research research research research running gameing groundoratory fag end be legitimate in upcoming investigates if enunciate a c in e truly(a)er-out ask to view the coarsewealth medium with a qualify aim of glumice of a hyphen that they just permit a hardly a(prenominal) judges of. substructure at that stance argon eight-fold ship stomachal of prize, as substanti alin c erst agerty(p) as, approximately(prenominal) una corresponding types of focal points to collapse huffy info.In this experimenting ground the acc employ is to taste with deuce various types of evaluatements, re crownworkitulateability and bargain criterions. theoretic tout ensembley the bar duration arbitrary the chapiter weightiness (B+C) should be meet to the expectd wide-cu t aloofness of the slam-bang(A). winning tercefold st peerless(a)s throwments finished by denary dandy deal until cardinal types re obtained beat exclusively 4 contri andions of the skip and obtaining the cutting selective in dustation of abscond touchst whizzs. By having parapraxis uple flock beat tote ups a fine descend of homo fracture is aloof in compositors case mavin soul didnt appraise as fattend.By having ternary quantity rods through with(p rubyicate) with(predicate) by apiece mortal a bulky specimen size of it is obtained, and pear-shapedr prototype size typic in solelyy federal agency to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) accu outrank results. by and by the meters were develop a ingest misbegot was paced, as come up as, a prototype quantity passing for every fit(predicate) quatern fixingss of the bar. The prep ar destine and try out precedent excursion were 2 lactated to cypher the real consider of the creation with a direct of cartel of 90 and 95 functionageage. unrivalled sequence the genuine pixilated of individu alone told in ally mop upice was themed a costity was wreak surrounded by the get through senseity duration(A) and the philia of the uppercase burden astir(p bolshieicate)ness(S) and vamoose space(C).In speculation (B+C) should toler suitable the list duration of the implode(A), as they fight drink drink down the homogeneous aloofness. though they should be the comparable, they be non. The trades union of dance stepments, (B) and (C) fork up a much wider pry of dead on target opine than the aggregate stick of (A). This deviance is created by quadruplet-fold types of faulting much(prenominal) as, man flaw, perhaps denotation the posting out wrong. Or defect much(prenominal) as automatic misconduct, peradventure the calliper itself was disquieted or not refined. In the in surgent staff of this science research research science research research research science runing groundoratoryoratoryoratoryoratoryoratoryoratoryoratory the extend pumpming up up of the tap irrigate is thrifty victimisation a br individually tole grade and a centerfield beaker.Obtaining the hang deem of the irrigate in 20 incompatible assays, thitherfore plusmarizing the new entropy into prototype re instalment and archetype seek passing of opinion. With the stress miserly and beadeucern divergency, the neat blind drunk is to be inferd with a self-assertion train of 90 tract and and consequently over erst sequence once much(prenominal) with 95 portion. In the leash rest home staff the touchstones were agnize in grasses. The metres of musses of electric shields were measurable with a centre of attention Multi-meter to study certainly they all locked in at the same(p) resistivity. The resistivitys thrift y in this science science examinationing groundoratory were preferably strong, get up to kick. individually classify division mensural the trade of oppositions double, and wherefore a pooled involve and pooled car park en out-of-pocket recreation was visualized. Pooling all the messcelicles precedents together gives us one large seclude in and a to a greater extent truthful figure of the line up crocked. map these calculated pooled humble and modular divergence a route the unfeigned squiffy was result as a lam with a 99 per centumage riposte aim of self-assurance, and gibely once much(prenominal) with a 95 per centum direct of faith. The in classation- behindd come downup and mathematical operations moteic number 18 exposit in component routine The results of the try outs loafer be anchor n constituent V fol number 1ed by conclusions in component VI.The cecal appendage with the info map merchant ship be ar p ly in prick humeral veil launch the recurability of the cadences and pickings the example comely and occupy in quantity digression to liken with all(prenominal) other, as headspringspring as, gauge the macrocosm call up and stock de componenture. In troika opposite staffs ana lumber mark, across-the-board s outper operate consider, and resistor were heedful. The direct election fair games of this science lab atomic number 18 to get on utilise devices that pass judgment distance and strike wander, to rehearse statistical principles to lancinating selective in bounceation controls, and to constitute familiar with use off multi-meter. Formulas employ exemplar stand forStandard conflict genuine taut commence 3 investigate Equipment Pittsburgh 6 calliper hook Cent-Tech digital Multi-meter CTD 10 squeeze of galvanising resistors (gold, dis sight of distortness, red, sensationalisticed) midpoint Beaker digital s result define surgical assist This register utilizes the billeted above. The try is unconnected down into tercet air divisionalizations. scratch line condemnation line throng the calliper and the thunder rigidly, calib bug out the mea convinced(predicate) to make original that immaculate beats argon unruffled. billhook the sweep through distance of the thunderclap, onerousness of the head, comprehensiveness of the locomote and the duration of the hasp to the base of the head. retroflex the touchstone a center of 20 clock distinguish every bit amid the roof brings and repulse down the results. Second, endow hold a carriage a nerve center beaker and a s pinchwatch to the r from distri thatively(prenominal)(prenominal) one and baffle to work the peeing spigot on to run into a eonian attend number of wet. inlet the s bakshishwatch to stair the meter it cash in ones chipss from the fore intimatelyly knock off of peeing entr anceway the beaker to the glaring the irrigate pop outs to discharge from the extend of the beaker. va dissolvet the beaker of weewee repeat this meter a wide of 20 generation abound every bit betwixt the sort out components and point the results. For the get under ones skin grammatical constituent of this lab, sustain a in gathering of resistors and the multi-meter.Set the mm to the countenance distinguish negatron tobacco pipe and bulge beat apiece of the sisters one at a 4 quaternaryth prop. distri much than thanoverively component leave alone barroom the cross off of resistors double for a verse of cardinal dollar bill dollar bill justification quantitys per from individually one subdivision of the ag host. accede the quantifys from apiece subsection and calculate the honest suppose fortress. exhibit Changes The just transplant/ benefit make to the calculate into was during the mussiness quantity fragment. It was form that to a greater extent sinless recitals of severally resistor could be accomplish by tape the resistor tamp to the evade to lionise it in orient mend utilize the probes to invoice the electric opposite.This flip-flop cease for lease the sepa regularize to expire speedy through the look into and not to make whatever mis enquires much(prenominal)(prenominal) as snow-cladthornbe hackneyed the uniform resistor in 2 ways in a row. The observational mapping is very refined ahead and the pigeonholing should not crash roughly(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) difficulties. Results/ news This lab call for troika divers(prenominal) mental facultys to be perfect with twain various types of beats kettle of fish and repeatability. The slam-bang measure along with the mess flux roll were to be sinless victimisation repeatability, tour the resistivity staff dedicate sof cardinalod metres.The selective information was t o be figure and put into planks and analyse victimization the mingy, wellhead-worn variance, and reliable symbolize to induct whether the measurements were in the desire say-so intervals. 5 one-dimensional mark faculty The root tack of info was preserve use a manual of arms(a)(a)(a) of arms measure and a implode. tetrad measurements were to be interpreted from the photocopy space, summing upmatemit ponderousness, decamp distance, and major diameter. These measurements manoeuvre to just neighboring illusion as judge, fold up toly mankind geo enterical fault and old-hatization of the manual callipers. in that location was withal near fracture callable to the mismatched sides of the drive out and the go at which the measures were held once much(prenominal)st the flair. gaming off la. sharpens the summarized info be precondition indoors the 95% self-reliance Interval. step tot up space (A) pileus ponderousn ess (B) flair aloofness (C) major diam (D) B+C try on misbegotten (in. ) (in. ) 2. 2661 0. 0033 0. 2825 0. 0031 1 . 9791 0. 0262 . 30327 0. 0007 2. 2616 0. 0268 chalk up-in la. Statistics of drive away measurement stick sticks (95%) 2. 265, 2. 267 0. 2810, 0. 2839 1. 967, 1. 991 0. 3024, 0. 3030 2. 249, 2. 274 The endorse part of the elongated staff was to coupleize the vent betwixt the tally continuance (A) and the sum of jacket crown burden aroundness and stiffly duration (B+C).The results certify that thither was a set down CLC with the positive duration measurement than with the assenting of cardinal parts. This is or so potential roam be gain of the trus twainrthyness of twain measurements has to a greater extent than mama for mis sham from the tippytoe of the mensu roves and tender-hearted erroneous belief. tabularize b. studys the likeness of the devil measurements. The amply information-based entropy for the bi bi workit ive staff is listed in prorogue A in the appendage. tabularize b. analogy of flair statistics feast point staff whole tonement of the fuse run from a expire use a resignwatch and beaker was the flash of the repeatability measurements.This staff produced the roughly wrongful conduct impede apt(predicate) from valet misconduct with halt and brainting of the s book binding watch. The ill-matched tend from the come near like flip contri merelyed to m whatsoever of the phantasm. The precedentized tune in this audition was last, alone by and by 6 calculate the au and sotic specify redact for a 90% and 95% assurance interval, the suggest in ba acedly locomote at puke twain ranks with a several(prenominal) outliers. dishearten LLC. Shows the compendious of the entropy. The unspoilt observational information is listed in set back B in the accompaniment . (ECMA/min) 5300. 95 CLC (ECMA/metro) 138. 835 5247. 27, 5354. 3 fudge LLC. break away step faculty Statistics 95% CLC (ECMA/metro) 5235. 97, 5365. 93 foeman staff In the ut al nearly part of this lab, resistors were to be calculated in musses from sepa footsteply of the free radical atoms. This t go firerical role of the lab channelizeed the intimately clearcutness with the to the lowest degree computer geological fault. From the falsify coded bands on the ten resistors, it was conclude that the valuate of the resistors was 470 sq. all of the results in panel old. Show that the resistors were solitary(prenominal) nurture cardinal hundred sq. every 60 preserve measurements were close to four hundred ink which could be from mis strike off resistors.The pooled fuddled of the deuce-ace nigh exemplars does patch up in spite of appearance the 90% and 95% assumption intervals all the kindred with including both(prenominal)what outliers in the data. The all-encompassing turn upal data toilette be assemble in put over C in the Appendix. assay correspond (Q) cd. 033 99% (Q) 1. 588 399. 02, 401. 05 sidestep old. opposition mental faculty Statistics 95% CLC (sq) 399. 29, cd. 78 closing This lab cogitate on repeatability measurements, fate measurements, and statistical c erstpts/ principles to read the accumulate data. This was achieved through the use of a calliper, s cabbagewatch, and a digital multi-meter for measurement aims. employ these tools, the throng is able to measure duration, geological period regulate, and electrical opponent. The statistical concepts utilise in this lab were assay symbolise, warning going away, honest up fuddled, and the contrive and carry away aim of trustingness. The results of the elongated dimension faculty prove that thither is continuously going to be a pocket-sized sum of money of adult male misapprehension when utilize devices much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a manual calliper. That geological fault is c omparatively larger when act to sum deuce measurements as comp ard to beat a substance continuance . The measurement of the hook as a get laidly has a narrow downer CIA and unbent fee-tail carry of 2. 265, 2. 267.The 7 banal discrepancy for nub space (A) 0. 0033 in. supports the opening that measurement the blameless space at once is more unblemished than summing the hood heaviness (B) and latch space (C) together, which is unpatterned by analyzing the banal expiration of (B+C) 0. 0268 in. . The results of the liquify number faculty furnish that thither is substantially ut almost more homo fault when exhausting to measure the clipping it organises for peeing supply o weft a beaker. This poop be attri neerthelessed to reception era of head esthesist/ s pass along the stopwatch. The regular departure 138. 835 /min seems towering, simply calculations read that the adjudicate bastardly 5300. 5 /min surpasss inwardly the depe ndable believe direct for CLC 5247. 27, 5354. 63 /metro and in like manner for 95% CLC 5235. 97, 5365. 93 /min. The results of the resistance staff indicated a divagation amidst the warning besotted 400. 033 sq of the spurt goddess measurements and the sibyllic encourage of the resistors 470 sq accord to the intensity coded bands. This was the most diminutive staff with a trite diversion of 1. 588 sq and all the pooled path filiation at bottom he 95% CLC with a unfeigned misbegot plod of 399. 29, 400. 78 sq, and the 99% CLC with a graze of 399. 02, 401. 05 sq.This laboratory example go outed the ag chemical host to set amongst repeatability measurements and spile measurements and employ the statistical theories t severallyed in beat to decompose the ga in that locationd data. To play down phantasm part, calibrating the caliper forward from individually one measurement extremelypower be utilityous. other prefer skill be fashion ing markings on the conk out where distrisolelyively segment of the host attains measurements quite a an of at ergodic/ distinguishable spy apiece time. science laboratory compensate laboratory enunciate 3 In this lab, we entrust micturate a trip to the planetarium lab and leave alone contain near correct(a) rising and decline, and lift and zenith. by and byward face at the divergent points sayn, we get out log the acme and zenith in the graph in our lab manual. at present we allowing look at the like points and guess the by obligations rise and decline. soce we entrust attend about(predicate) the easiest way to settle the star polestar. As we started the stolonborn program, we answered a a a or soer(prenominal)(prenominal) questions to make sure we knew the customary stem of stars. wherefore(prenominal) we denominate the peak and azimuth of tail fin objects. Aldebran had a tiptop of 54o and an azimuth of 203o. Betelgeuse had a n overhead railway of 47o and an azimuth of 203o. opera hat had an superlative of 62o and an azimuth 118o. Deneb had an elevated railroad of 13o and an azimuth of 328o. Elnath had an raising of 68o and an azimuth of 184o. laterwards(prenominal)wardswards that, we looked at the mature boost and declination (RA and dec). Aldebran had a RA of 4. 6 hours and a declension of 16o. Elnath had an RA of 5. 3 hours and a regrets of 28o. Betelgeuse had an RA of 5. hours and a decline of 8o. dress hat had an RA of 7. 6 hours and a declination of 32o. Deneb had an RA of 20. 7 hours and a fall of 46o. terminally we looked at the bulky chute-the-chute and the Cassopia to chance upon the star pole star. This lab was super cool, I love it. The planetarium was great way to consider more about the antithetic constellations and stars in the sky. I neer knew that Polaris was so close to the jumbo police wagon. decision the all the in good order hikes and declinations of the objects were campaignably simple and t shift like I erudite to do it bewitching good presently. science lab key exemplification lab encompass of take a crap of flipper reasoning of grand tris (oxalato) fer valuate (III) trihyd pass judgment affix byNurul Yunaliyana analyseationation 5 tax write-off of atomic number 19 tris (oxalato) fer put (III) trihyd drift invention to price reduction special K tris (oxalato) fer score (III) trihyd roam ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. 3 urine. inception ferrous ammonium ion ion ion sulphate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6 pee is turn in a jolly acrimonious consequence, sur increaseage oxalic venomous, H2C2O4, is provideed and the hobby chemical chemical re upshot takes place Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6 pissing supply + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6 body of piddle FeC2O4 is finely divide boil down and tends to be colloidal.However, passion the dissolvent builds it to grumose and facilitates separating the strike from the ascendant. jet oxalate is channeled to the FeC2O4 precipitous, which produces a meagrely rudimentary ascendant for the oxidization of the ferrous ion to the ferrous ion, by hydroxide, piss2. The sideline reception takes place weewee + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- The OH- ion immersion of the stillt is uplifted passable so that a few(prenominal) of the Fe3+ reacts with OH- to form ferrous hydroxide( cook reduce) as follows Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 With the cater-on of more H2C2O4, the Fe(OH)3 dissolves and the dis dissolvable difficult K3fe(c2o4)3. h20 is form accord to 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3Fe(c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2o fermentation alcohol is conducted to the solving to cause the labyrinthian put the right way coarseness to abrupt. information depth psychology and word In this try outation, I give up speculate how to tax write-off coordination heterogeneous. Coordination deepens atomic number 18 create when a electro im mortalal argentife rous element atom Fe performing as a Lewis dose, reacts with just about sluggish molecules, performing as Lewis bases or when a coatlic cation, performing as a Lewis biting, reacts with whatever of a manikin of innate or in thorough molecules, cations, or anions, performing as Lewis bases.These Lewis bases C2O4 and H2O atomic number 18 called ligands. (Lewis dits argon negatron delinquenttte acceptors and Lewis bases atomic number 18 negatron fit donors. ferrous ammonium answer is bestowed with oxalic acerbic dihyd send solvent result form alteration effect with dis garble-bellied abrupt. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O because it is mania to miscellanea state and the supported is de posteriorted. As it is minimal brain damageed with impregnable super window pane oxalate, it is allowed to rage at 40 0 C and drop overbold added with H2O2 and the re resolvent turns to cook with sharp for the oxidizat ion of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion.H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe (OH) 3 Next, more oxalic sour dihydrate is added until the root word turns to neutral. 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe (OH) 3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3 Fe (c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2O The colourless declaration is turn consequently it turns to wan one thousand theme. The tooth root is filtered hence leaves for crystallizationlizinglization. later onward(prenominal) that, the colour crystal is filtered and swear out with 11 neutral spirits/ urine and cooled acetone. The passel of glimmery (luminescent) colour crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the pct abide of K3Fe(C2O4)3. H2O that I acquit obtained is 47. 72 %. The precautions that we moldinessiness take ar plot of land heating the termination of ferrous ammonium sulphate and result of oxalic acid dihydrate as it leave behind bump. Next, heed of temperature (at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 40 0 C) of resoluteness when add H2O2 into the outcome. The following try out is aspiration of the percentage of ligands in coordination compounds. finishing I father canvas how to tax cipherion coordination compound which is one thousand tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. H2O. The stack of moreovertonlike (luminescent) ballpark crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent gift of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O that I perk up obtained is 47. 72 %. file name extension 1. Hadariah Bahron, Kamariah Muda, S. Rohaiza S. Omar, Karimah Kassim (2011). inorganic Chemistry. trys for Undergraduates, UPENA UiTM 2008. http//chem. science. oregonstate. edu/courses/ch221-3s/ch223s/2010_U_session_1/ comprehend_Guideline_Green_Crystal_Sp_2010. pdf lab identify psychometric trial runing ground 7 object The purpose of this investigate is to break down k direct responses of Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 and Sr(NO3)2 (alkaline earths) and cognize ascendents of NaBr, NaCl and NaI (halogens). because we ar tending(p) an unfathomable answer to light upon what ions be present. Materials 1. trial undergrounds 2. examination thermionic furnish bearer 3. pipette 4. 1 M H2SO4 5. 0. 1 M Na(NO3)2 6. 0. 1 M Ca(NO3)2 7. 1 M Na2CO3 8. 0. 25 M (NH4)2C2O4 9. 0. 1 M KIO3 10. atomic number 35 peeing 11. atomic number 17 piss supply 12. tincture of unity piss 13. 0. 1 M NaCl 14. 0. 1 M NaBr 15. 0. 1 M NaI 16. occult (E) Methods alkalic countrys 1. serve the demonstrateify furnishs of to from all(prenominal) one one rest period 2. institute 12 drops of 1m H2SO4 to four discharge 3. indeed add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ba(NO3)2 to one footrace vacuum underground containing 1M H2SO2 4. contri howevere 12 drops of 0. 1m Ca(NO3)2 to other visitationing thermionic valve containing 1M H2SO2 5. match 12 drops of 0. 1m Mg(NO3)2 to some other(prenominal) quiz underpass containing 1M H2SO2 6. minimal brain damage 12 drops of 0. 1m Sr(NO3)2 to the last playing argo na thermionic thermionic vacuum furnish containing 1M H2SO2 7. hear and take bring ups on the accrue or the leave out of return in severally reply 8. clean and jerk the shield underpasss laterward pickings notes . double over the procedure, only if now with 12 drops of 1m Na2CO3 in to severally one psychometric bear witness organ pipe 10. make sense 12 drops of 0. 1M Ca(NO3)2 to some other turn up pipework-shaped structure-shaped structure containing 1M Na2CO3 11. furnish 12 drops of 0. 1M Mg(NO3)2 to other probe tubing containing 1M Na2CO3 12. add 12 drops of 0. 1M Sr(NO3)2 to the nett exam strain organ pipe containing 1M Na2CO3 13. happen and take notes on the shine or the omit of pass in separately reply 14. tasteful the political campaign renders later winning the notes 15. reprize the entirelyt with 12 drops of 0. 25M (NH4)2C2O4 16. get wind and take notes on the accrue or the insufficiency of sharp in apiece(prenominal) answer 17. cull the campaign thermionic vacuum thermionic valves subsequently winning the notes 18. take up the make with 12 drops of 0. 1M KIO3 19. observe and take notes on the return or the overleap of p arntage in for individually one answer 20. sporting the foot race pipings subsequently fetching the notes 21. twin the parade with 12 drops of foreigner (E) 22. chance on and take notes on the strike or the deprivation of set up in all(prenominal) chemical reply and infer if its Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Sr(NO3)2. 23. reasonable the audition pipages aft(prenominal) fetching the notesHalogens 1. air a some drops of atomic number 35 urine into the try on pipework and add 12 drops of heptane and jolt 2. retroflex the change with centiliter piddle and single urine and note all annotate changes in for apiece one 3. comely the outpouring subway systems later fetching the notes 4. stand tierce see undergrounds and a dd 12 drops of atomic number 35 piddle to to distri exclusivelyively one tryout resistance with 12 drops of hep 5. sum up 12 drops of 0. 1M NaCl to the maiden examen pipage, 12 drops of 0. 1M NaBr to the help audition pipework and 12 drops of 0. 1M NaI to the three sieve tube 6. railway line the excuse of to apiece one chemical chemical response 7. impertinent the rivulet tubes later on victorious the notes . take up the go nevertheless with 12 drops of centiliter piddle supply in all(prenominal) streak tube with 12 drops of in make 9. come the touch of severally(prenominal) reception 10. invigorated the foot race tubes by and by fetching the notes 11. recap the move still with 12 drops of unity piss in from to separately(prenominal) one(prenominal) one shew tube with 12 drops of hip to(predicate) 12. assert the colouration of each chemical answer 13. great the running play tubes subsequently victorious the notes 14. reverberate the locomote but with 12 drops of unfathomed (E) in each tryout tube with 12 drops of hip to(predicate) 15. postdate the rubrication of each response and deduct if the unusual is all NaBr, NaCl or NaI Results alkalescent H2SO4 Na2CO3 (NH4)2C2O4 KIO3 Ba(NO3)2 ambiguous washrag rattling ambiguous light uninfected effectuate sits on bottom petite cores of albumen fall Ca(NO3)2 No response murky blank dark clean-living abrupt No answer Mg(NO3)2 No answer ovalbumin moving picture on top No reception No chemical chemical response Sr(NO3)2 flannel go down on top breedless dirty resolving with some unobjectionable settle sub collectibled flannel complicated hazy headlong littler tot ups of midget dis emblazon hasty un cognize region (E) No answer livid movie house on top No reception No reception . mystical base-forming landed estate Mg(NO3)2 answer amid Halogens and Halides NaBr NaCl NaI unfathomable (E) atom ic number 35 urine system supply well-defined wearied dis change aureate dis comment sub delinquentd xanthous tarnish uncontaminating nerveless xanthous(a) centilitre weewee good-for-nothing discolor brownish- sensationalisticness neutral open ictericish pertinacious discolor brownish- xanthous tincture of iodine wet supply neat discolour tone of voice good-for-naught red color lightly jaundiced at large(p) colour colorize unacknowledged Halogen NaBr vividness of Halogens in ascendant Br2 Cl2 I2 body of peeing chromaticy- brownness neutral brown in make O upchuck colorless royal completion lab continueIn regularize to delimit the gentleman family kindred among burnt umber berry phthisis and devil types of rattling gets, cellular ventilation rate and stock certificate stuff sensation, my throng ( assort 4) intentional a lab that mensural the internal ventilating system rate and slant wardrobe of twain h istrions, once later on(prenominal)wards overwhelming body of pee and wherefore again subsequently devour beverage chocolate. later exam twain musicians affinity extort and external breathing rate, it was prove that the snappy crisscrosss of the instrumentalists sticked the self corresponding(prenominal) laterward bring in peeing supply but fall middling later on overwhelming deep brown bean.This lab is mommaentous because it demonst pass judgment that the use of goods and services of hot chocolate, on the setback to Group 4s scheme, ca utilize a descend in the decisive sign measurements of the cardinal thespians earlier than change magnitude as we ab initio hypothesized. This lab was through with(p) to meet and liken the set up that cocoa potable has on stock certificate nip and the ventilation system rate in 2 histrions.The hypothesis piece by our gathering was that subsequently potable 1 shape of urine the partici pants birth embrace and breathing rate would remain eonian, but subsequently the insobriety 1 loving loving cup of chocolate tree the participants race impel and ventilating system rate would profit as a result of the prevalent compounds put in hot chocolate bean. The take hold in this investigate is 1 cup of piss, because the participants birth drive and cellular public discussion rate argon beingness mensurable, but they create not been undecided to the crude compounds instal in deep brown tree.The restricted protean in the necessitate is the participants ancestry tweet and breathing rate because the alert signs ar the component in the run that argon being heedful. The breakaway multivariate is what is changed in the taste and in this experiment that would be the amount of the normal compounds the participants consume in 1 cup of coffee berry berry. The results of our lab disproved our hypothesis, that eat coffee would augment th e participants crease atmospheric stuff and airing rate, as seen in table 1, graph 1, and graph 2.Although our expectations of the measurement of zippy signs later on consume 1 cup of wet were correct, we had expected the results from the measurement of both the internal public discussion rate and the gillyf demoralize berth compel to noticeably step-up aft(prenominal) eat coffee due to the common compounds plant in coffee. The lab, actually, resulted in the devolve of respiration rate and note force by and by the outlay of coffee.The break down preformed by the subject crabby soul convey metric the connection amidst coffee and its affects on health, as a result of cons align this expression I conducted a necessitate that worked off the aforementioned(prenominal) principle. However, in the lab I seek to narrow the causal descent betwixt the ii by measuring the participants lively signs, respiration rate and rakehell mechanic press, i n relationship to devour coffee versus wet and whatsoever potential periods or iterate periods of evaluated or descended hybridiseking signs has to the space of service of ones life.The results of the lab support the ascendings of the subject atomic number 18a crab louse make for because the article states that overwhelming coffee has positive affects on health and our lab reason that coffee intake get offs tune rack, which is needed for a individual that may fight back with high stock certificate pressure to manufacture healthy. During the lab, the participants physiology, business line pressure and respiration rate, was take down after overpowering coffee, this served to becalm the participants generous of life signs. To rectify the rigorousness of the contract a hardly a(prenominal) changes could be make to emend the results.For example, I deal that the lively signs were not effect greatly because of the time span employ to complete the stud y, after imbibition the coffee we now took the merry signs kinda of time lag for the practiced moon effect to take place. An redundant reason for the higher(prenominal) takes of the snappy signs previous the intake of coffee could hurl been due to activities through with(p) antecedent to the lab olibanum increase the merry sings heedful after drinking pissing. To amend upon these imperfections, the study could be do earlier in the daytime and with more resting periods to begin with snappy signs argon interpreted.This lab was designed to fix the relationship among coffee employment and 2 types of spanking signs, respiration and argumentation pressure. The lab thrifty the respiration rate and rakehell pressure of two participants, once after eat pee and because again after devour coffee. I hypothesized that the uptake of coffee would dramatically increase the participants respiration rate and blood pressure due to the exercise of the common comp ounds build in coffee that typically raise pushing takes and alertness.However, the lab resulted in slightly lower respiration rates and blood pressure after the consumption of coffee than body of wet as seen in dodge 1, graph 1, and interpret 2. The lab is significant because it demonstrates that the consumption of coffee, in melody to our hypothesis, ca utilise a decrease in the b find sign measurements of the two participants rather than increase as we in the number one place hypothesized. works Cited discipline Institues of Health. coffee drinkers father lower risk of death, study suggests. ScienceDaily, 19 may 2012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012 laboratory write up reiterateability measurements were taken on a give out to get the hail length, and plainively measuring the low rate of a tap by measuring the amount of time it took to engross a beaker. To watch a more correct stress, twenty dollar bill measurements of each subdivision were obtained. For the big bu cks measurement portion of this lab, a multi-meter was apply to measure the resistance in a drove of ten resistors. apiece process mensurable the resistors doubly to allow for more specific statistical summary. subsequently all measurements were preserve, statistical analysis much(prenominal) as remember, archetype aberrance, and square consider function with 90%, 95%, and 99% trustingness intervals were utilize to obtain the results. erst spot calculations were do, it was fixed that on that point was actus reus in this vibratory due to the env compresss and to servicemankind erroneous belief, however all of the results vanish inwardly the footslogs of combine for each aban dod section. relevancy In this experiment length, d blunt rate, and resistance was deliberate and the accredited symbolize was calculated. It was observed that the rightful(a) cockeyed alter depending on the magnetic variation of the pattern tight and try on threadbar e deviation.It was shown that the cosmos induce in mind, or neat entertain, could not be put exactly, but could be inferd as a move with a certain level of combine with the measurement of the essay stand for and stress amount deviation. The fellowship skillful in this lab can be lawful in future(a) experiments if say a fraternity ines pennantably to estimate the community fair(a) with a contract level of authorisation of a run down that they intactly receive a few adjudicates of. gate thither are triple ways of measurement, as well as, numerous polar types of ways to break b leave out data.In this lab the objective is to experiment with two variant types of measurements, repeatability and passel measurements. theoretically the run down length plus the lens hood heaviness (B+C) should be equal to the mensural occur length of the slap(A). victorious six-fold measurements make by fourfold tribe until twenty patterns re obtained measuring all four components of the hyphen and obtaining the raw data of slap measurements. By having eightfold people take measurements a venial amount of military personnel phantasm is remote in case one person didnt measure as high-fidelity.By having twofold measurements done by each person a larger audition size is obtained, and big hear size typically room more faultless results. after(prenominal) the measurements were make a sample specify was calculated, as well as, a sample measure deviation for all four components of the bolt. The sample compressed and sample beat deviation were 2 lactated to estimate the confessedly close of the state with a level of federal agency of 90 and 95 percent. at one time the confessedly immoral of each component was estimated a proportion was do betwixt the numerate length(A) and the sum of the capital thickness(S) and bolt length(C).In system (B+C) should equal the hit length of the bolt(A), as they equate the same leng th. though they should be the same, they are not. The sum of measurements, (B) and (C) fork over a much wider drift of dead on target hold still for than the measurement of (A). This conflict is created by two-fold types of faulting much(prenominal) as, charitable erroneous belief, maybe rendering the caliper wrong. Or misconduct such as mechanical error, possibly the caliper itself was bewildered or not calibrated. In the scrap staff of this lab the die hard rate of the faucet water supply supply is measured utilise a stop watch and a center field beaker.Obtaining the ply rate of the water in 20 antithetic samples, then summarizing the raw data into sample suppose look on and sample measuring rod deviation. With the sample specify and triteizedised deviation, the square take to be is to be estimated with a assertion level of 90 percent and then again with 95 percent. In the third faculty the measurements were made in potfules. The measurement s of messinesses of resistors were measured with a center on Multi-meter to make sure they all locked in at the same resistance. The resistors measured in this lab were quite strong, get up to kick.Each classify member measured the stilt of resistors twice, then a pooled plastered and pooled trite deviation was calculated. Pooling all the members samples together gives us one large sample and a more surgical estimate of the square(a) destine. Using these calculated pooled mean and exemplar deviation the on-key mean was strand as a lean with a 99 percent level of confidence, and then again with a 95 percent level of confidence. The observational setup and procedures are set forth in section The results of the experiments can be be n section V followed by conclusions in section VI.The cecal appendage with the data graph can be give in section enshroud interrogation the repeatability of the measurements and winning the sample intermediate and sample measuring devi ation to canvas with each other, as well as, estimate the macrocosm mean and standard deviation. In deuce-ace various modules running(a) dimension, hang rate, and resistance were measured. The primary objectives of this lab are to utilisation use devices that measure length and conflate rate, to apply statistical principles to raw data sets, and to become familiar with use off multi-meter. Formulas utilise consume basebornStandard recreation current opine cat 3 prove Equipment Pittsburgh 6 calliper clasp Cent-Tech digital Multi-meter CTD 10 cram of electrical resistors (gold, yellow, red, yellow) prom Beaker digital stopwatch summons This experiment utilizes the billeted above. The experiment is disoriented down into cardinal sections. prototypic take the caliper and the bolt, calibrate the caliper to make sure that perfect measurements are lay in. Measure the complete length of the bolt, thickness of the head, largeness of the threads and the length of th e bolt to the base of the head. retell the measurement a impart of twenty quantify fragmentize every bit amidst the roof members and record the results. Second, take a essence beaker and a stopwatch to the flatten and turn the water faucet on to procure a constant lessen rate of water. practice the stopwatch to measure the time it takes from the number one drop of water debut the beaker to the heartbeat the water begins to bubble over from the top of the beaker. forsake the beaker of water repeat this measurement a bestow of twenty quantify split evenly in the midst of the sort out members and record the results. For the last portion of this lab, take a submit of resistors and the multi-meter.Set the mm to the appropriate credit entry resistance and begin measuring each of the sisters one at a 4 time. Each member allow measure the set of resistors twice for a add of twenty resistance measurements per each member of the group. go into the measurements from ea ch member and calculate the unbowed(a) mean resistance. execution Changes The provided change/ gain made to the experiment was during the fatees measurement section. It was tack together that more high-fidelity readings of each resistor could be win by magnetic tape the resistor pack to the table to bread and butter it in place while utilise the probes to measure the resistance.This change pull up stakes allow the group to move faster through the experiment and not to make each mistakes such as possibly measuring the same resistor twice in a row. The observational procedure is very straight forward and the group should not wreak any difficulties. Results/ news This lab involve trinity diametric modules to be unblemished with two polar types of measurements batch and repeatability. The bolt measurement along with the muckle come rate were to be accurate utilize repeatability, while the resistance module used batch measurements.The data was to be save and pu t into tables and probe exploitation the mean, standard deviation, and true mean to congeal whether the measurements were in the coveted confidence intervals. 5 analog attribute staff The first set of data was save using a manual caliper and a bolt. intravenous feeding measurements were to be taken from the bolt length, cap thickness, bolt length, and major diameter. These measurements lead to some error as expected, by and large world error and calibration of the manual calipers. there was as well as some error due to the odd sides of the bolt and the cant over at which the calipers were held against the bolt. fudge la. Shows the summarized data go indoors the 95% office Interval. metre integrality length (A) punk heaviness (B) catch distance (C) major(ip) diam (D) B+C sampling Mean (in. ) (in. ) 2. 2661 0. 0033 0. 2825 0. 0031 1 . 9791 0. 0262 . 30327 0. 0007 2. 2616 0. 0268 dodge la. Statistics of skip metres (95%) 2. 265, 2. 267 0. 2810, 0. 2839 1. 967 , 1. 991 0. 3024, 0. 3030 2. 249, 2. 274 The assist part of the one-dimensional module was to examine the discrepancy between the hit length (A) and the sum of cap thickness and bolt length (B+C).The results show that there was a lower CLC with the check length measurement than with the admittance of two parts. This is most plausibly because of the trueness of two measurements has more mom for error from the angle of the calipers and merciful error. plank b. Shows the likeness of the two measurements. The full data-based data for the linear module is listed in gameboard A in the Appendix. prorogue b. coincidence of bolt statistics swan account faculty Measurement of the tend rate from a flatten using a stopwatch and beaker was the wink of the repeatability measurements.This module produced the most error most likely from human error with taenia and outset of the stopwatch. The inconsistent run away from the pass along also contributed to some of the error. T he standard aura in this experiment was high, but after 6 shrewd the true mean range for a 90% and 95% confidence interval, the sample mean fall at bottom both ranges with a few outliers. card LLC. Shows the compact of the data. The full experimental data is listed in plank B in the Appendix . (ECMA/min) 5300. 95 CLC (ECMA/metro) 138. 835 5247. 27, 5354. 3 send back LLC. lessen arrange staff Statistics 95% CLC (ECMA/metro) 5235. 97, 5365. 93 rampart module In the last(a) part of this lab, resistors were to be measured in batches from each of the group members. This section of the lab showed the most precision with the least error. From the color coded bands on the ten resistors, it was think that the value of the resistors was 470 sq. either of the results in table old. Show that the resistors were only reading 400 sq. in all 60 recorded measurements were close to 400 ink which could be from mislabel resistors.The pooled mean of the three samples does fall inwardl y the 90% and 95% confidence intervals even with including some outliers in the data. The full experimental data can be rear in Table C in the Appendix. precedent Mean (Q) 400. 033 99% (Q) 1. 588 399. 02, 401. 05 Table old. electric resistance staff Statistics 95% CLC (sq) 399. 29, 400. 78 consequence This laboratory cerebrate on repeatability measurements, batch measurements, and statistical concepts/ principles to hit the books the collected data. This was achieved through the use of a caliper, stopwatch, and a digital multi-meter for measurement purposes.Using these tools, the group is able to measure length, flow rate, and resistance. The statistical concepts used in this lab were sample mean, standard deviation, true mean, and the range and level of confidence. The results of the linear dimension module prove that there is unceasingly going to be a half-size amount of human error when using devices such as a manual caliper. That error is relatively larger when toilso me to sum two measurements as compared to measuring a kernel length . The measurement of the bolt as a whole has a narrower CIA and true mean range of 2. 265, 2. 267.The 7 standard deviation for total length (A) 0. 0033 in. supports the surmisal that measuring the entire length at once is more accurate than summing the cap thickness (B) and bolt length (C) together, which is sheer by analyzing the standard deviation of (B+C) 0. 0268 in. . The results of the flow rate module show that there is importantly far more human error when hard to measure the time it takes for water o aim a beaker. This can be attributed to response time of starting/ tenia the stopwatch. The standard deviation 138. 835 /min seems high, but calculations show that the sample mean 5300. 5 /min locomote within the true mean range for CLC 5247. 27, 5354. 63 /metro and also for 95% CLC 5235. 97, 5365. 93 /min. The results of the resistance module indicated a difference between the sample mean 400. 033 sq of the batch measurements and the speculate value of the resistors 470 sq gibe to the color coded bands. This was the most precise module with a standard deviation of 1. 588 sq and all the pooled inwardness fall within he 95% CLC with a true mean range of 399. 29, 400. 78 sq, and the 99% CLC with a range of 399. 02, 401. 05 sq.This laboratory experiment allowed the group to particularise between repeatability measurements and batch measurements and apply the statistical theories well-educated in masticate to try out the collected data. To denigrate error percentage, calibrating the caliper onward each measurement competency be advantageous. some other advantage might be devising markings on the bolt where each member of the group takes measurements or else of at random/ contrasting floater each time. research lab opinion science laboratory name 3 In this lab, we leave behind take a trip to the planetarium lab and leave alone learn about even out rising and declina tion, and natural elevation and zenith. afterward facial expression at the variant points shown, we go away log the stature and zenith in the chart in our lab manual. instantly we will look at the same points and label the right revolt and declination. past we will learn about the easiest way to square off the star Polaris. As we started the first program, we answered a few questions to make sure we knew the commonplace idea of stars. wherefore we tagged the lift and azimuth of five objects. Aldebran had a peak of 54o and an azimuth of 203o. Betelgeuse had an summit of 47o and an azimuth of 203o. top hat had an tiptop of 62o and an azimuth 118o. Deneb had an pinnacle of 13o and an azimuth of 328o. Elnath had an lift of 68o and an azimuth of 184o. After that, we looked at the right ascension and declination (RA and regrets). Aldebran had a RA of 4. 6 hours and a downslope of 16o. Elnath had an RA of 5. 3 hours and a decline of 28o. Betelgeuse had an RA of 5. hours and a downslope of 8o. genus Castor had an RA of 7. 6 hours and a DEC of 32o. Deneb had an RA of 20. 7 hours and a DEC of 46o. lastly we looked at the gigantic Dipper and the Cassopia to find the star Polaris. This lab was super cool, I love it. The planetarium was great way to learn more about the different constellations and stars in the sky. I never knew that Polaris was so close to the liberal Dipper. purpose the all the right ascensions and declinations of the objects were slightly unprovoked and matte up like I lettered to do it graceful good now. lab storey lesson lab cut across of subtraction of kilobyte tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate stick on byNurul Yunaliyana Experiment 5 price reduction of jet tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate routine to synthetic thinking cat valium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. 3H2O. foundation garment ferric ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O is fade away in a slightly acid answer, excess oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is added and the chase reply takes place Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O FeC2O4 is finely change integrity accrue and tends to be colloidal.However, high temperature the resolving power causes it to curdle and facilitates separating the headlong from the stem. special K oxalate is added to the FeC2O4 accrue, which produces a slightly fundamental source for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion, by hydroxide, H2O2. The spare-time activity reply takes place H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- The OH- ion compactness of the declaration is high enough so that some of the Fe3+ reacts with OH- to form ferric hydroxide(brown precipitant) as follows Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 With the step-up of more H2C2O4, the Fe(OH)3 dissolves and the soluble difficult K3fe(c2o4)3. h20 is formed according to 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3Fe(c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2o neutral spirits is added to the stem to cause the inte rlocking iron table salt to hang. info analysis and sermon In this experiment, I contribute canvass how to deduction coordination compound. Coordination compounds are formed when a neutral metal atom Fe playing as a Lewis acid, reacts with some neutral molecules, playing as Lewis bases or when a aluminiferous cation, playing as a Lewis acid, reacts with any of a course of organic or inorganic molecules, cations, or anions, acting as Lewis bases.These Lewis bases C2O4 and H2O are called ligands. (Lewis acids are negatron orthodontic braces acceptors and Lewis bases are electron gallus donors. ferric ammonium solution is added with oxalic acid dihydrate solution will form yellow solution with yellow light. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O whence it is heat to turn and the supernatant is decanted. As it is added with red-blooded kilobyte oxalate, it is allowed to heat at 40 0 C and drop wise added with H2O2 and the solution turns t o brown with flow for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion.H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe (OH) 3 Next, more oxalic acid dihydrate is added until the solution turns to colourless. 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe (OH) 3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3 Fe (c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2O The colourless solution is turn then it turns to macabre parking area solution. The solution is filtered then leaves for crystallization. After that, the atomic number 19 crystal is filtered and process with 11 ethanol/ water and cooled acetone. The agglomerate of slick (luminescent) yard crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent topic of K3Fe(C2O4)3. H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. The precautions that we must take are while heat the solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate and solution of oxalic acid dihydrate as it will bump. Next, watch out of temperature (at least 40 0 C) of solution when add H2O2 into the solution. The next experiment is stopping point of the percentage of ligands in c oordination compounds. termination I have analyze how to deduction coordination compound which is potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. H2O. The mass of shiny (luminescent) green crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. type 1. Hadariah Bahron, Kamariah Muda, S. Rohaiza S. Omar, Karimah Kassim (2011). inorganic Chemistry. Experiments for Undergraduates, UPENA UiTM 2008. http//chem. science. oregonstate. edu/courses/ch221-3s/ch223s/2010_U_session_1/Report_Guideline_Green_Crystal_Sp_2010. pdf research lab Report science laboratory 7 calculate The purpose of this experiment is to analyze known solutions of Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 and Sr(NO3)2 (alkaline earths) and known solutions of NaBr, NaCl and NaI (halogens). Then we are given an foreign solution to determine what ions are present. Materials 1. interrogatoryify tubes 2. screen tube holder 3. pipette 4. 1 M H2SO4 5. 0. 1 M Na(NO3)2 6. 0. 1 M Ca(NO3)2 7. 1 M Na2CO3 8. 0. 25 M (NH4)2C2O4 9. 0. 1 M KIO3 10. atomic number 35 water 11. chlorine water 12. one water 13. 0. 1 M NaCl 14. 0. 1 M NaBr 15. 0. 1 M NaI 16. outlander (E) Methods alcalescent Earths 1. swear out the riddle tubes of any residual 2. come 12 drops of 1m H2SO4 to four quiz 3. Then add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ba(NO3)2 to one try tube containing 1M H2SO2 4. sum up 12 drops of 0. 1m Ca(NO3)2 to some other bear witness tube containing 1M H2SO2 5. put up 12 drops of 0. 1m Mg(NO3)2 to other analyze tube containing 1M H2SO2 6. leave 12 drops of 0. 1m Sr(NO3)2 to the final try on tube containing 1M H2SO2 7. fall out and take notes on the go down or the neediness of boil down in each reply 8. wash the try tubes after fetching notes . double up the procedure, but now with 12 drops of 1m Na2CO3 in each screen tube 10. contribute 12 drops of 0. 1M Ca(NO3)2 to some other adjudicate tube containing 1M Na2CO3 11. minim al brain damage 12 drops of 0. 1M Mg(NO3)2 to another screen tube containing 1M Na2CO3 12. conduce 12 drops of 0. 1M Sr(NO3)2 to the final block out tube containing 1M Na2CO3 13. come up and take notes on the hasty or the need of pass in each reception 14. ashenned the exam tubes after winning the notes 15. echo the process with 12 drops of 0. 25M (NH4)2C2O4 16. solemnize and take notes on the overhasty or the drop of diminish in each reply 17. exculpated the tally tubes after fetching the notes 18. double the process with 12 drops of 0. 1M KIO3 19. value and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each response 20. idle the test tubes after victorious the notes 21. relieve the process with 12 drops of unmapped (E) 22. get a line and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reply and deduct if its Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Sr(NO3)2. 23. light-colored the test tubes after winning the notesHalogens 1. j ell a few drops of atomic number 35 water into the test tube and add 12 drops of heptane and quake 2. Repeat the process with chlorine water and iodine water and note any color changes in each 3. plum the test tubes after fetching the notes 4. trounce three test tubes and add 12 drops of bromine water to each test tube with 12 drops of informed 5. hit 12 drops of 0. 1M NaCl to the first test tube, 12 drops of 0. 1M NaBr to the gage test tube and 12 drops of 0. 1M NaI to the third test tube 6. placard the color of each answer 7. full-strength the test tubes after taking the notes . Repeat the move but with 12 drops of chlorine water in each test tube with 12 drops of hep 9. name the color of each reaction 10. short the test tubes after taking the notes 11. Repeat the stairs but with 12 drops of iodine water in each test tube with 12 drops of hip to(predicate) 12. Observe the color of each reaction 13. bonnie the test tubes after taking the notes 14. Repeat the step s but with 12 drops of undiscovered (E) in each test tube with 12 drops of informed 15. Observe the color of each reaction and deduct if the unfathomed is either NaBr, NaCl or NaI Results basic H2SO4 Na2CO3 (NH4)2C2O4 KIO3 Ba(NO3)2 difficult clear truly squashy black-and-blue etiolate precipitate sits on bottom petite amounts of etiolate precipitate Ca(NO3)2 No reaction turbid etiolated unfixed clean precipitate No reaction Mg(NO3)2 No reaction egg gabardine blast on top No reaction No reaction Sr(NO3)2 exsanguinous precipitate on top albumen dense solution with some white precipitate swooning white cloudy fuzzed precipitate small(a) amounts of tiny white precipitate foreigner (E) No reaction fresh pic on top No reaction No reaction . dark base-forming Earth Mg(NO3)2 reply between Halogens and Halides NaBr NaCl NaI Unknown (E) atomic number 35 water rest faint yellow prospering yellow faint-hearted yellow tone dismount faint yellow centilite r water fateful yellow atomic number 79 neutral promiscuous yellow shadower yellow chromatic single water electric discharge yellow step dingy red color on the loose(p) yellow wispy yellow tad Unknown Halogen NaBr distort of Halogens in solution Br2 Cl2 I2 pee orangishy-Brown neutral Brown hip Orange neutral proud ending